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˫˵һοҵʱ򣬾;Һر 



ʱҺջüԼȴڶ¥ŸŲףͦεˣӳֵĴʺιεаͣθڣ 
ƫƫǳ⣬˫˵˵ʺʹһȺֲεķ䣬ǺȺˡ۵ͷԹ 
ǼٳţûгŵġҲѹ֣֮𣬼ҽ̻ܲϣʱûеϻλȴһ̫ӡʱŸڼ˫ǸüۿʣͶߴ˾ȻûһӰעĿҼǵã̫ӵɫȻɵأʹĺ֮ɫƻҪԼԺ20ųţҲ 
˫˵ֻӰϰɫԶԶȥرɾˬںڻĳͬɫķ䣬ʹ棬Ҳ˾÷Ʒ˫ţķ΢΢еĿңһоⶼ糤ĽëĲ֪Լ¶̬ɱеˡ룬̵Ӱ˫ҵ嵭ӵе嵭 
˫ȴĵһ޾ȺȻǹ䡣εĺ촽΢΢ʱǳ֣֮⣬Ů 
ΪɴĶҳ֣죬ǶĪע񣬲Żõɱ˻ᡣ 



Ǹ׿ͣӲҡ¾Ǹɵһڽıʱһ硣ߵӱǴ̿͡ 



¥ŸʱһƬңߴߵ̫ˢվﾫ䡣ùµģҲֻעŶ¥Ķ 
һòͨ˵ص׹ǽ¡ϱܷӦھǰ齣ݡ˵òᣬɫ࣬ӦˣȻҵĽƿ̫ӣŲȴ֪Լ书ʵڲܴڽУצĴԵǰ 
һ漴һɫӰƮȻʶ֡Ȼ߶Ὺȥëˡϧûлһҫ۵İ׹ؿڣҵƱڽ¡ 
̧ͷѼ˼˫ 
ڳ˶ûдӴ򶷵Ľѹ˫ȴʰ𱦽͵ҵǰ 
һ̣룬ռĳĬԵڼ˫Ǿ޵ò 
ҽӹ˽ 
ķ۴һһԵϣûκα顣 
Ҳɱ㡣պĸɾۻһ͡ûлͷ 
׿ɫְףֺ죬ȭͷÿ죬һ߳˿ջ 
ҵλˣܷλæ˫üͷû˸ղŵġ 
ⵥ£жǰʾΪĻԭ 
ƫƫ信ԥ֮ʱ̫ӵ¾Ȼ˫ᱧ𣬾ֱ¥β棬˳˶Ӹɵƹ񣬡¥ 
¥ϣʱ׼סĺ¼˫һ¥ȥȥǻеӿѩ׵ɫ΢أ϶ˣվѡ 
¥ŸѾû˻ˡͬɫŵ˺ڴˣһ˵ؿ壬ڡҶʱеŻ 
ҵһѾ˫δ̫ʦϣָҼ硣 
ʾĿңǰȥ˺ļ¡һССĺȻɼٺڡ 
˫ϢԷסϵѨƳһöʳָȵ룬뱻ɫϣкѳɫ 
о綾Ҿûκ˼ȥ˱ϵ˿ڡ 
һһڣǿཫŧҺڵϣֱʮںҺתΪѪҶŨ裬ڣֽҶǲ˿ϡ 
㡣˫ɫʼת죬֪Ǹжʹת治˼ͳһҩ衣 
Ǵӽ߶ĽⶾҩһԷһ 
ǡ㣿ҽӹҩ裬ǲֻһɣ 
ҴСѪٶְ֣˶Һ޴󰭡˫Ц 
ҩ衣֪ΪʲôƼˮ꣬ȴ˴ 
˼˫ѩɽɴˣֽ˫ҽܡ 
ͥұ磬Ǵ̵ģұȭٲΰ룬Ϊͥ˵Ȼ̫ӵ͵ԼӸĶˣңȷұ硣 
˫ЦЦһ˿ˣһ˿⣬˿˿ӳУһе⡣ 
ҿߵĵ£ʼնû뿪˫ҲǣȾɫǺ̫֮ȣʣµֻʫǣ績¡ 
֪ҵǷͬУʶһʢᡣҪѲϡ 
ƵʢᣬָֻԤÿһεļᣬʱŶϯȤǳͬ˫ˬӦˣգʯߣ˿ջʮǿס¡ 
֪ͷ᲻ҲòΪ̫ӵİȫؿǡ 
ᡣ˽졣ȣղȷë˲Ż뿪ѩʹҵеĶ룬˴֪̿ͣ˰ˡԣٶȽ˫˵Ȼ󻤷Ϊ졣 
£ǻͬΪɡʱĽͬʱס˶Էļͷ˫ɫŻС 
ڿеֺܲȻ˻ȥۼ̫ӵµڱܣͻȻӿһ⣬Цġ 




ջŶȥ̸۽񣬸壬ǳ죬ΣֻǷǳעԼľٶΪ 
ʵ˫òױΪԸȴŮ˵Ϻȴˬ󷽡û̫Ļֻɵľͨҷǳ֮һ佭ϡ 
ֵɵԼĹ磬ϵˮɫһ㣬ûһ˿ɫ˵ҵЩã 
ͥһ佭ϣ¹ˡЦҵһֻ֣ꡣ 
ѿЦЦʱ׽ǻ׹ݣСʱҲǼټ棬ֱǰΪ̫Ӻ󣬲űʺ󡪡ҵĹĸΪ̫Ӱ̫Ӱȥ鷿ĴָǰòܽΪѸٵĻҵ 
޴ĥ̫ӵģĸҵĽ̵ȫ档 
˫򲻶ɫԹۣĿϴ˼Ȧ͸һǹ죬۽ǣһЦ⡣ 
첻˫ѩɽѾ½˼ɫصĳڼ˫ķ䣬ұִ֪Ӧ˲á 



Һ˫ӻִᡣ 
ʯһѱΪĳʮյƻȼգʯɫʣࡣʷ̡ 
ϵĸŶçеӢࡣ 
˫ûкɴ棬һͨĺ£ɫȴָúܺãѪ 
ȴûеʯ߷ƽ˾ 
˫ڴβͻȻ˵֪ǳƾ书һаʽ֮΢ĩƵô֮λеĲӦȻڡֲƽ̫Ӹöǽ˷ǳ̺ͷֶָϢ伣ţѾһ޴֯Ϊĵء 
ǰջ켰µĴɱæҵ书˲Ȼŵһֻ룬Ҷʱ˴Ȳһɵ󻤷Ѿѳְı磬Ҳٿҽ˳һλѧ£񲻿գ 
˵꣬˫ʾ½öڸǰ 
⣿ⲻŵĶŰŵĽ˿룡һλΪ˪߳˵ 
Żǣֶ˿붾ҲģˮǣһƵ¸صҲ϶ 
ǣû 
Ż 



˵ĿⶼͶһѪ۵ĸɱͷͷĺ¡ 
ûʲôñǿɤ˵ŸոպһҪ˵£һ㶼֪飡ǸƥҾȻŮ޸ϱڴģӴˣͲƼҵɴҴã 
ҲĻҺɡڲ񣬵ȻԲ׵˫˵ɤŨŨĳ⣬룬ûѽ 
ͨһ˼˫ǰݺᣬع䣬Ϊǽ߹ˣ˵λӣϽϴ֣ٶ 
 
֮⣬λӲڶ롱 
㲻ǲѽ 
 
£˺ߡ 
˫վ 
ҲһɫܹݵİϷǳ 
ҲҪҵȷǾθ֮ԡλʮȤˡ˫ϸüͷ 
ǣǴֻгˡͷ˵˸͡ 
˫ֻ£ҾͲƴˣұһ㡪ԺκжҵĲ뵱ǽŮ˲¡һҲ׷ҲҪΪţĿǰŽҪ񡣡 
һ˵ӢĿ¶羴֮ɫЦš 
Ҳ뿪ĳҶƤʱ˫ŤͷһۣǷεɫ˵ı棬һ̾Ϣ 
סŲղŵĲмȥ 




ּ󣬼˫Ƕ˷ջҹ䣬죬Һ˫ֱϳ̣ʹ˱һʱĲװס 
ֱҺص˷䡣Ӧʱʱ˼ŵ̫ӵµչϣʱҲΪ˸š 
˯ڵذϣ˯ǱϢء 
һ죬ҿһӰڴ⣬ѸԾŶֲԶֻڷϡ 
¥ķܲ͸⣬ڰֻܿ˫Ƶ 
ңһοʱ򣬾;ر𡣡 
 
ݵĵЦЦ۾ 
 
᲻Һģ 
 
һ𣬲֪ʱ֪ݾô򵥣ҲһȥҾҲˡ 
 
ɥѩɽɲ˼֮ͽʵҵȷ뽭Щ£ľ棬ʦǰԣ˵˻ŲȫΪԼǴɷΪһֱΪѵʱ仰ԼԼҲ֪Բԡ 
 
Щ˵һڡ 
ҵʳָĴֹסǽɵĻ硣Ŀøժ˲ϵһƬϵľϡƬԿһʡͥů㡱 
ûϢȴֿ׽ 
ҵתط 




ڶ죬ұһȭһĳĬɽˮڡ˵ 



ع·ϣ˵ڵĽѾ൱֯ˡƼÿ°빦 
Կɶԣףһ·ϵıѾǷǳ˵ƫĸѱҡ 
˫ͻȻ˵ 
̫˵ЩʲôЦӢף֪롣 
˫ò˫书˫˫ѽЦɳ۶ȥ 
ҽϣ·ζƿ 




ڶ 
صϣ̫ӱϵ״ÿ£Ѿ¡̫ӼҲ鷿ˡһռټ鷿ŷ̸˵أò 
գ𽹬̽ĸ·ϵ˵ʤʱŮ̫Ӽݵĸľϲ 
Ϊ˷ֹݸͱ˹ĸ޹ιĸЩҵĹغͼɻ䣬ӽԼĻʶҲĸúܣҲڻʺ밲ΪҼռ˹ĸеĸҶɹĸˣ˵Ҹĸ˫ǹĸ˵ģҲȷûмǣﵹһֱûʲôţиŮΪ˵ҵһЩлĸڸ̣֮Ӵˣȫޡ 



̫һĽ밲ĸʾҲҪرܡĸ˵ЩĿ׻ͻȻ˵Ҳǹͥ¶ 
Ż˵ 
鷿Ҳûʲô¿ͥʴϻۣСҲǱ徭ɢʵڿϧиɵȱȻֻƷܸߣڶȱô׽˶渵ɫġ 
ǣǺѽͥҲúúѧѧϵˡĸһӦŵҲֽʮǰǻϵɡ 
Ҿıǫ΢ЦڹĸһĴߴ¶̫йݴʾлһѷסˣͥˣһֱ㿴ԼֵѽԺദ֪ˡ 
һұܵľһ̧ͷһ˫ĺζĹâһУҵļǺ޲ǳ 
ĸ̫ȥһĶҪԹɫδ˼Ҽ¶˲鲻Ը顣 
ĸ㲻֪鷿ɣһ볯ƺѽ 
ѽĸεҵͷĸѵ֪転ĵֻǡĸչãһһܰ㣬졪 
ĸֹסĻͷ۾ʼˣĸѾдˣҽûʮκķβŻż̫ӸǰƼҡ 
ĸͥǸĺӡĵ˵ɵĽԴĸϥϡ 
ɵӣĸĦҵķ ͥһ۱ɿ⹬͢ĲĻסߵðģѧ˳Ϳܱˡ 




̫ߵʱҲûԤϵƣû뵽ιμҲǴͬС죬һһĴΪ˸Ӧ䣬⣬һľżϷǿϷĹڣõϵȫ۵ףȤúܡ 
ǲľżĻˣԶԶϷǣʱʱҪƽңкìܣ˼ǰܾģμ˺ЩǸӷͻҹµĲӰҲݸһЦ 
վһ죬ȻЦóеĶ˵ 
̫ӵ˳ᢣ¸ʵΪҴƵ£˼֡æӦԵ 
عͷ俴ңͥҳѽϧľȴྶͥ 
̫ӵ´ͽ̡ҿɲ׵ļ 
м񶼴ò˳ģڣסʱɫΪмǰЦʲôɫ 
Ŭţ˵ľʵʱʧɵϱ¶ǡ֪ 
Щ׼ϣΪɳûп£ֱԽɵʸ񣬳ֱ׾֮ˣ뷨ɫ̫ӵ¼¡ҹĿˡ 
ɫת磬㻹ֱ׾ɵȷû˲ţԺѧʿΣɲ볯ϳ౾ڱߡֻʲôɴ˵Ҫ͵Цˡ 
ٴ 
ҹˣȥɡ 
ǡ 
ֽ̫ͥסңΪʲôᵽҼ䣿ͥƫԶˡ 
ͥ𽹬̽ĸ㣬ĸϲ˯ںͥҲҲʱ̫ӵм£Ȼϸһص 
飬ڰ֣ʾ¡ 




˶鷿ֱ͵µҪ̫˫۾Ķȼ΢⣬ҵ˼ϸԭһƴͭɼϽǣҺվλá 
޺޵ڵϡе㲻ˣǳ֮˸һȦرĻƣұ˺ܾãʲôΡ 
һԣ͵һתͭžҵذϡ 
ֳֵվſڣڰУ۾ˡ 
˽㣬һ㵱ʱ֪￴ЦþȻܿģ߹ʰͭǽ̫ڹģȦƻǱ״ǽϵġʲôأ 
ңֻô֪ 
֪ģ㻹Ҵأ˵ 
ŻѹӢͻȻô£ϸƻΩΩФء 
ѹӢ֡̾͸ɡ 
ܲ𣬵ԸŰɡҿûղҪұľٶһˡ 
ʲôܲ𣿡üëֱֱҵľţҪˤӣȤѹӢ֪ǡ 
̧ͷһЦ⣬ƽЩͭˡ 
ͥ 
ס˽Ų 
˵˫ʲô 
Цѽʱ£ǷݰĽ 
ĵ̫ӵ¡һصȥһƬž 




˭֪ʱ˫ѾҵĺͥҶʱˡ 
ƣ벻Ѳϴֱÿʣһѩ׵ŵҳԾס죬֪ܵɲܱ¶ݡ 
ŵ㣿ڴϣŵľһ˳Ĺٷɫһ԰ 
ˣǰ鿴 
ССģһ㡪ҵֽӴļͷʱ̲סһʹüͷҶʹϧ 
Ȼһӡӡڼͷķ֮䣬·ɰɫ 
ɰƣƫһͼˡǿװЦա 
صģôô㣬Լסҵ֡ 
ʹĵɤе㶶 
ʹͷˤʼС䣬СߵĹŮȥĸ׽ˡ 
жС䣬ҩ 
ߵߣϸΪ˫ǽʪؿϣֻװӶ㰲ˣûȬ֮ǰܣֻС䣬ˣõġ 
ûΪʲôһֵôҵģ˫ҵƽ 
ʲôҲĶҷһ䣬ͬʱͭ 
ҵҲˡͷصֻû 
СʱҲ΢΢һ㣬˫òҷ־Ȼûʲôõҩ 
ˣҪΣϹæ˫Ц 
Ҳ֨Сȥˡ 
һһ봲ţȥ 
깲ޣ֮ãԹԵϱ졣 
ۣܿͱϢˣȴշתࡣ 
ôһԤУ˫ʱҵǰ 
ҿʼŪЩҩˡ 
ڶʹ͸˻ҩ˼òԪ̫ӣĸ͵óһϡ 
ĸǺϾͲˣһҪġ̫ӣ˫˫ۣҲֻзˣη飬Ӧòҳ󲹵ҩĶʮĻӵǺһͬƽʱҿúܣ뵽Ұ⣬˯ðࡣ 




ڶ죬ҽӽ۵Сߵ˺ֱͥʮĻӵĹ빬 
ʮĻŪһƬ 
ʮĻӺѽµĹǽƮЦ 
ѽͰζ´úܡĶţ̫ӵĸӲһ㶼ƣͨ͸ʣദĸɡ 
ҿżɽЩ˼۹ƵŴ𰸡 
ȻһӦùŮ˾С 
̫ӵصĺˣҪ˸ҾܾҾԲ뷨ݸҵʱЦԵ 
ΪΣҰ˼׷ȥ 
Ϊҹ𻨵ˡ̧̧üֿɰ 
ЦˣлҴҵѼס 
ܼͥסңĻرԥһ󣬻˵ûβĻ 
ӿЩգҴҸǻ 



͸Ĵʱʱ䣬ֻ˫Ҵϣ˫΢أȣ˫ֶڵʿ̨֮ϣôɵɡ 
СҲһߵĵרĵ߻ȫûо쵽ҵĹ 
һӦСȴڵվɫ糺졣ϸһоһϺõ˿¡ 
ˣһ΢ա 
·ѣʲôŵģҹķʵ 
ʲôѽҿӶûʵ˯£æһӲⲻɣС죬·һųȥˣѾͷСҳһ飬ͺͼһܣʱ£ߵöȥˡ 
˫ʱۣĿЦš 
Ҳסˣ罫廨ȥЦߡ 
㲻֪ĽŲôĿҡ 
Żæܿ貵Ŀ⣬ϺõĲҩһÿ찴ʱԡ 
Ūҩ˵ʮ裬һһ裬պóԵ뿪 
һȴҲװĮȻ 
ûʲôȥɣʹûʮ죬ҲԽҩߡ 
һƬžҶҵĺӳأͻȻ˫ѹڴϣĿ·ȼĻ 
ĸҵĶҵգҵĶˡ 
Ʋ 
ҼҵͨͨصĴҵǻֱ߲ 
˫ڷſǯƣޱĿŴ⡣ 
ҹ˴࣬ĬĬ 
˫ᱧΪҲᣬ˵ˣҲ˺ģԹԵģˡ 
ȴܿסԼתΪĳļϡиڿ㲻ף㲻ף㲻ס 




⼸죬ϳʱеͻأĳ־˫״Ѳش̿͡ 
ʱҲɵң΢ЦһԲ 
ĴʼӦеʱҲʼ֡գ紦ڶС԰й䣬Ҽ뿪ܾˡ 
ôǲǽݲؽŻȥѽЦ˵ 
һ˵ʲôֻʵʵ߿ĵˮ 
ᡪһöĽӹǵͷԭһֻڸ룬˨Žɫһʧڶ¥С 
ͣеĻһС˹̫ӡ 
ʾҿˣϴҴ߲˹Էڡ 
ǰˮʼ͹¶ͻֵᷢĵһغˡ 



 
˫ָúܿ죬ɰӡȫȥˣ軹ǷǳйЧġÿܻغͥСеĽҹеĺóԺø֣ϲĻС佲ҵ¡ 
ʱ֪˵ЩʲôáСͻˣ˵ԴǴִ󣬽ɼìܲϣңԭϵȻٳ͵ϮɰشܸоԪɵĸ֣֤ݡɰŹʿӲϳԼ˹ 
̸һɵɫͳö࣬ҲΣɼܻ˴ʧˣòĴ⣬־ˡ 
ĽʲôŲ裬ʵ 
֪ǰΣҪô¸أΪ֮¶ľѪ˥Ҫô˵Ľ¡ش 
ֶһ£ˮ 
֡üá 
ס֣ûеֽ֣ 
ҲܣİԶ磬Ӵ˲¡Ц 
ҵͷָϵˮգСôˣĲϷת뿪һĴߴС 
Ҫ뿪ˡ˫ 
ֹװơ 
ˡ 
ٶԲˡͥһ뿪𣿡 
ת˫۵ķֱֱıǣϡĴڴǣѽˣ˭ܾܾ 
Ҿܾˡ 
뿪뿪ĸ뿪ʹӴҵС 
Ȼܾ˫ѣһˡ 
ᡣҲ뿪 
ȫ̱ΪʵһɲǼʧȥ˹ٿҵʱ˶ 
ߡ 
Ӳ˷𣿡Сʪɼ 
ңֿ˫ͻȻҧͨһ³ҹ¡ 
ʲô㾡˵ûȥദС뱲ӣܿľġ 
ңżӳߴˮѾͷӵĶСٱ˵΢΢ЩΡ 
С䣬Ǻο࣬Ǽġ˫˵ 
ӣС䳯ӯӯһЦˣ֪֮һӶֻѾͷӣҵķˣԸĸһźǣҪҲոȥֻͶ̥Ϊˡ 
˫ԿɶԣĸŮǰСȫȻɳΪһ˳Ůˣ 
ı 
ͥ˫ҡ 
ѾͷԸִ֣Ͳӷˣﻹ˵ﾹЩĸо 
ʰ·ߡ˫С΢Цŷݳ硣ԭʮͥİУѾˡ 
ǣȥ߽˫ƽ 
صһۣģֻһۡ 
֪ѾĲټҡ 




Ǹ˫˫ˣǰҽСһƣ۴СԱ⹬еӡ缾˫⳯͢һ֮Աǡ 



ڶ죬ûϳҾҵĺͥһ 
ۿļҪȥԺе̵ͩЩˣû˻ƣһģǾƣ롣 
ȴ˺öࡣ 
һԣʮĻӡһϻǫ͵Ц 
ҵӣЩ͵ġ 
ٿµģ 
Ҳٿ㴩·ҵһЦΪһ衣 
Żȥ̫Ӹ磬˵ûϳء 
ֻ˵ɣ˵ȻҲӦʣֵܵ£ҲǹҵĴأССƷԺѧʿӦöԵġ 
ЦЦĿң̾ͬкദʱãȴҴŹǻ֡ 
º͵ˣҾһ˿Ȥ⣬һڲ裬ͻȻվϤɾƯϣЦЦ 
׷ңҾһõġ˵꣬Цܿ 
ϣ̱׷ 
ԽԽ죬ֻȺķӶ߻ţҵԺһУȵĿȵۣȵҸе˷ɡβϣıţŴЦ 
ȵҵȫȻʧͣ껹ߣЦúƽҺá 
ֿ߽ɼ˿˼ 
ĶĴš 
ǱĻ԰һϤҺ궼͵š 
Ҳѹֻ֣һҶĿѽһĵĴʮĻӵЦʵʵ 
ˢĺˣ̫ӣðˡ˵žҪһס 
ʮĻʵܣ֮УֻСƢһӰˣҿҲˣȥϢɣö೯»ҪЭأ 
ŵŵĸˡ 
Ҳ̧Ҫߣסˡ 
Ҳ̫ѱ˰ɣ̫ӵ·ˡ 
ʱŸе۵üҪѣ֪ܵʮ⡣̧ۿŭգֻš 
Ȼѵ·Ƿ𡣹ҵͷܵи쳣󵨡 
Цһ뿪ңѱʮĵܣɻûɣ 
ɻ󽫾ԵĶӣҲҵͬһѧ֪̫Ϊָ 
ǿ͡ 
ֻǿ䶯·˵ʲôȴʲôҲʼ䷢ǰʧʧȥ֪ 




ʱ򣬷Լ˯ԼϤĴϣŮȥæµš 
С䣡һ 
СʧˣǶأĸһȰߵ˴ߣÿҶͷϺճ޷ 
ôˣҾûģããȻ 
һҪôأ̫ҽ˵һ춼ûʲôĴܣ˹ȥ̫Ӹպ·ͻ˺ͥĸϸ𱸼ʹ 
Żǰ˵ĸǱСˣ뿪ģ˱ʵĹޡȥɡ 
ĸͷĸʲôʱ򲻴ӦˣɵӣԭСˣоź˲ǣĸѽٸһɰϸĵ˶ʹڣúϢɡ 
ĸҸ˱ޣڹ˵Ĳ뿪ˡ 
ȴ쳣Ҳ޷˯ˣС䣿֪ͼ˫еˣ 
ôԶ 




ڹЪ˺üգͬͬǰ̽ҲֻװȾСˡʲôʱڳ˵λ 
Ҳһˣæӹ̣վаȥ 
ˣСͷΡʿķסңӥĿҫŵ㳰Ū˵ѱ𣿡 
ֻƤһ£յĳջѿˡ 
ˡù˶һεǾޱ¼ɫϲŨصɫʡ 
Ư𣿡Ͱʵ 
ȻЩŮ衣 
ˣֻҪϢʲôʱʲôʱϳ 
ǷҪõöࡣ 
̫ӵվͿɼСˡ 
ãЦδ˵ʵʮĻʵܶǳ֮ˣʧȴ½⣬㣬ʧȥԿأ񱾹ȴԭ£ǡƲˣѽ 
ﳤȥЦﷴʡԼ 




ӽƻʱƲŨںڣ·ǰϦ߽̫ӵһȥСģ൱ˣɵ۾ 
ĿƵģЩ£Դڻ԰ʯϣͻȻһӰ͵һˣȴס 
һֱֱңﾹҵͷʾĬԥķſơ 
һԲһľƳǰ 
Ҵ󾪣ⲻǼǰҸСƣϸˣϵĳϸѩɽɵĶѩ 
ǲǼʲô£Ҽʵ 
ǣ˳֣һᵽ۵Ϻżе˿ڣѪﾹӿỨܵΪ׵ʿΧ˵볯͢ᣬкͬţѩɽѾãǰһصɼܵ׷ɱǡѩɽɼţǼСԡѪսɱŻһλˡ 
أǡҲҡŶԷ 
ǣӵﲻԶĲɽ񹦻壬ʱӦÿ֧ţ·ϣλｻľѰ㣬ҡڲջ㣬ʱһ߸ߵĹһģ㣬ǵðɣ˼ٵ֤ʵԼݡ 
ҷſķ·Ҫǻ 
ΪʲôΪʲô㶼̶֪Ѩ㻹Ҫȥ̵Һ 
ӣֽ֮ƣҪѽ糶סһסҵ䣬ͨһˡ 
һϹ˵ѣһͬ˶ 




֮ͨ£ҼȻеι񣬺ɫĸӣɫ 
¡ҹﻮοڡ 
ͥɣôúϢ첻ǻҪϳ𣿡Ц 
¡˫Σգϣµ־ 
˫ЦݵȥˣתңŬ˼֡ 
ҰԲ죬ʱˣҾ˵Ľ̬ķչ̸˫ں֮ͥʱͦüͷе㷢塣 
ԭĺáĻζԡ 
ֻѡ 
̫ӵĳĬվ 
˫ֻǸѣ̫֮Ҳ֮У΢иˡ 
סңֱֱסңЩΪȻЦˣ̹һʲôʱôˣȥкãûоξȵ˫ 
΢û˵Ҫȥѽ̫Ψһľǣ̫ӶԸһжɶ֣΢ֻȥϢ׼ϳ˵ 
һеĲ裬ɣȴҵļУһһЩȥɽü 
л̫ӵ¡Ҿȥֿˣͥ룬˫治֪˻ǲҡ 
仰Һʶ̺塣ʱ룬İʾδûĵ 



 
ҺǸѩɽɵСӼĸ书տɽʱƻһ˿Ҳʧɽһͷˡ 
ɽʵһСɽ𣬸߶ȲᳬһףڳıһɽϯɽǸͺͺ£ΪδԵʣɽǵĴЩϸЩɣǷɿɽɽŹҹɫڻ£ǼἫĻǱ 
ѾȺƤ¡ 
Լаˣȼĸ˻ŻѣͺͺɽɼֻǰΧסһҶȴֹǰΪ׵ʮװ곤ɫأʲô 
Щͺ¿ɽɵˣ书󲼾ʮߵСӵ޺޵ҿν 
šһסĶֹЩˣĿ⾫˸νý书ǹѲڣȿΣȴ־˵ 
Ҵų˫С⣬ǸҶУֹԭΪҶѹ˫ûˣľ书ЩʿΨһϡ׻ѽȺҶΧסɼֻôһڣǣΨһȫķˣȻԸȡѵһҪ 
˼ĵڣһԽ˺ɫļžѹѹļֻӰͷԽҲĴһս 
ɫġɫĸӡĿֻҵ 
ҴĿΪ׵ĵ˽ӹЩʲôֺ˶Щʲôһ˿Цǡ 
һ̣֪² 
ֻʾ⣬Ⱥɢžɽ 
Ƕٵı¶Ĵãֻйɽµѡ 
ûеǻֻñһ˶һɴץ𣬶ߵķƳҵƤ 
һ̱صˤӲϣ̲סгһöλεĽѼ˲ϡ 
ϣſѽ˵٩ʱһƬЦ 
ǿԭԼѴȺ룬Աߣͬ鶼סѩɽӿס˵۾ҪŭѪһʱޱ顣 
̫磬ϾдԮͺ¿СүңʡԺ衪СӵĻδͰһĶ⣬ʱڲԣһѪڻߴĿúܡ 
Сô룬ǲ֪ߵغ񣡡Ϊ׵ĵ˰³룬еɷ磬һ˫۾ȴ̰Ͳ̱¶ɡ 
ϸĿңͲмݣ۹ͣ˼룬תҶڡ 
˫úţѾסѡ룬˵൱Ҫ˰ɣ˵ţٽңҼͣ£ܸоĽѾҵ·סҵļֱؿڡ 
ٲҾͷֽţ£һ 
ס֣ 
ҡУ˫СڶڣɫҰס 
㲻Ҫһëȫңȫᣡ˫Ļܸеһ 
Сڵľʯ£С˫Ѫ߰ߣüͷʹǣ˫ֿҡ 
˫רעĿңһЦܸоĲ 
ڹУҪΣżɽɣתˣƣ롣 
ڹз룬ڵЦˣ㽲úѽͬҲҪ㹴ᳯ֣͢ﲻˡΪ˷ֹԺ˷ˣǷϳ书ȽϹƽ 
˫ɫѩףȻ˵书ԶԶ 
˫㲻ҪǺǡ͵˫ץס˫ȴһ̱ߵĵһƴ򵹣ػײؿϣһʱ伸 
˺˫ʹϧһɣҿĲӱڹеĳסˡ 
ˣ˫ʱˣҵ޶ȵģ 
һ˫ѩȻء 
ͬʱڹߵһ˳ֽ˹һӰӹµġС䡣 
С䣡ҵʹԭûĵ˽£ٵİγѪҵǰҲȾһС 
˫§סӡ 
С䣬С䡣૵ĿǴᡣ 
ӣҡǲڱأСЦˣѪо 
Ȼұ㡣ţ 
ÿģ˵ɵֻܿҾͲܵ˺ӡһءС仹ᣬǾãһӡáá 
ͷƫһߣһʵ̫̫ˡ 
˫˫ۣվƵ۹ֱڹС 
ڹƵвסϬĿ⣬ջĿղųֵͬţ̫嶯ˣ˵ԾЩʧڣֺٺٵĸЦ˼ 
ˣ˫ٲ֣Ͳ֪Щʲôˣڹ˵ţתң˻һҼһҸе˼ͷһЩʹһ˿ѪҼϡ 
ס֣˫ס 
ͬʱڵվһѩ绮ʡ 
ûʱˡڹпգһƲеĽҼͷỮһѪۡ 
ҧأƺһ 
˫鸴ӵĿһۣ̹ȻְɣҾ 
áһδ䣬ڹоѸ֮ٷס˫ҪѨͬʱһԵľ֮񣬴ͳһö룬˫״ 
žһӵ 
һˡ 
˫ĴҵĶţǿ㾭ļʹһʹθ˱ 
ˮѪڻϡ 
һ䣬ӺĿֱ֪εء 
ڷкЦ𣬾ֻӣȶȺҰЦкмĴҵĶĤ 
ҷ·𿴼ѩ 
ǸӺɫë 
Ҳ˫Ѫ˫Ѫ 
˫þȫ޽ţ˫ 
˫˫˫ɽﵴ 
ҿ˫ڼʹв԰ݣĵ˵ϣˮĽţ˹ȥʪ˫Ѫ𣿡 
˫ĲģȥʱʱͿץסȴֿտգ 




ڵҹ꽻ӣҹڻҰбţϣʹĸоĿ־壬֪Ҫ֪ҪֻǽôҲͣЪס 
ʱг˼ֻӣɫëͷħһ㣬 
ᣬᡣ 
˶䣬Ǵ˶Ĥôһһһһ׷ҵĽŲ 
ᣬᡣ 
ţôȫɫѪʺ죬ҾԼҪˡ 



ҪҪ׷ҡѪѪڿۡ 
׽ 
ĸĸ𣿡ȴǰһڣֵ 
أúӣ££ĸſʪëŶͷϵĺ顣 
ĸҽסů֡ 
ˣˣͺã㶼յĸˣͺˡĸʵ 
죬ȥ̫ҽһĴߴٵ 
ҽǶڶءŮС 
ȥĸЩŭ 
 



ĸҵı˵ˣһΣպ;Ŷȥˣ㱻̿ͽȥҺֻ˵Ƥˣ꣬ȶѣûʲôģ£ 
һϯ˵ֹס˿ޣЩЩ 
̿ͣꣿƤˣ 
ĸǣ˭̫ӣɣ 
Żο̫ӾСء˵ϴγʱ֮ͽʶѾ־һˣûʲô¶ǸˣҲϴǽʶѣ˵úأҽⲻǶءĸ䵽ȰҺʪĶʱ򣬹ĸûһֵѪҲǡ£ϵĻ˷ǳǳ̫ҽ˵̺۶¡Ǻǡ 
ĸס֡ 
ûʲôһ㣬Ǻǡǡĸţɫ糺 
ĸط𽹬ϢɣͦõġһæùŮ 
ˣˣһȥЪһЪ̫ҽ̲ķӸ㣬ҲҪúЪšĸŹ˵֣ƣķԸ뿪ˡ 
ڴϣĿʵĶ 
ˣ̫ҽһ 
ʵ̫ҽǸΣ 
ŻǺǡ̫ҽЦһ˶˵ĸȺõöˣԵ²ȵҩ͡ 
̫ҽǸˡҲҵѣҺܵơҳֱۣĿ 
Żѽ̫ǲҪ໰ġʵްġֻǡ 
ֻ书ס᲻зϣ鼱֮ץס̫ҽ֡ 
ˡ㡣𼤶̫ҽΪѵĿҡ 
֣᲻ۿ 
񱣵סֽŵľҵˣﻹ̸书ʹкϸ໤ţҽúǿӦȫʧˡ̫ҽҡͷ˵ûʲôԸϷҸˡ 




ѿ߶ȥĸԺ󣬲֪˶ 
ɵݺƣܿҽȥˡ 
Ҿڶ̫޷⣬Ŀƹһȥֻʣ˳ƵʱᲽ˽ȥ 
Ůðҹ 
һʾⲻҪѲˡ 
ǳЦףΪĻ 
˫Ĵߡ 
ϸü촽ŵҺ졣µ󣬽ɴŵҩζ 
ʹԭ˯Ϊʱתһͻ͵ӹ½ڡ 
ͥů㡣 
أĿƬҵҲܵػһ¡һʱ䣬·ҹĲջҹ꣬ȵĴ 
ٶԲˡͥһ뿪𣿡Щ·졣 



ŲûͷҲ֪ 
ȥɡ 
ŮŲϸϸĸˡ 



ҽƬŻص˫ľѣ˳ΪҴҴ˿ 
Ҫͷԡ 
̧ͷĮȴʧӢΰ·һ̱㿴ô궼Ϥĵ¡ 
ôʵ 
̫㣬ֽžסһûþȵˡ˵ 
Ҳңܣ쵽Ҵŷâѹֲŭ 
㡣ôˣʲô𣿡ѹ˼֡ 
ĮԼ 
ˣúġ͵Ļӻ֡ 
úߣȻһδʧٲһƣһ̲סǻļߡ 
ۣŭŭƲƲ죬ȥ˵ɣ˫ҪϢˣڲ 
˳ȥϡ 
ֱ԰Ҳͣ˽Ųһ˵Ļûͷ 
תҰĿͣҹĵСḧ֦Ҷ¶ˮ 
˵ʲôЦˣҹЩëȻ 
ÿɾ֡Գ͵еĻ䶼ǰƽ˻̡ǲſԾɫ㡣𣿡˵ţһʢĵ̴ʹҵָ 
𴦣ֻǲ 
ҳ嵽ǰ޹˼ɵץס½ֱֱڵ۾˵ѽǲǣ㣡ͷβﻮ˽ⳡȷѪ꣬Ļɽɣݺ˫˫ڽʱյľءȫĿľΪ˵õ˫ΪΪ˫˫ 
ⷬľȫץ½ɪɪ 
סҵ󣬽Ҷ赽ʯСϡ 
۾ѽЦЦһȻϧô˵طĲ²ֻһƫƽжͿʼˡǴǳ;һѲ飬Ѳ鱾֯Ľʵ 
Ƭ̧̣ͷŵյ¡̾һͻȻν޹£ߵϧȻǵֵһҾ֪һ᲻ѵȥǴλع󣬾Ͱںͥߡһ⣬ǾǾģƱصõ 
ٴοңӣ̧ҵ򢡣 
ֱֻͥôʡһԼ㱻ס˫ᱻƷϵ书㲻Ը˫ͬУԱ֪ɽлƫɽУ㡪һĵУ飬۵ģЦգᣬⳡ׷أ 
ǰǸ˵׿סҲʼͻȻúǣ׹ߡ 
ҡͷƵĿƣתΪǻ 
˵㡣˵ģǣϲ˫ΪãҴûҪݺûУҿ޽ţƴǰħ 
ˣŭץסҵĸ첲ǯǰ 
ͥΪʲôС㶼ԺαĵﳤĸǧĺǻţƯ´棬ƽ⡣٣ϲϰϧϲŮŮΪ㵹ûκεͷͲð 
ĻκμͷҵƵʹ˺ҵꡣ 
ڶҵ͸ɿ֣һ˵ϡ 
ˣȥ˫һУΪһ£û书ûչԼһ߳ʹͿҼ֮£߶ͷɱõĹػͰ㲻ҪΪֻռİΪ֮ɣ 
赭д˵ⷬ׺Ȼȥ 
Һ岻Կصӿһһҹ̵ϣҲ֪Ϊ˭ᣬ˵Ҳе˫ʵֻʹͱĥ 
ѽ˫ 












ͥ(5) 
 
ٴȥ˫ʱѾԼҩˡ 
̧ͷңǲ԰׵һ˿Ѫɫϲ֮Ա 
ȥԸźҽҩĹŮ 
տյķֻʣܸеԭӲĿʼ 
ҿĽˡЩе֡ 
߹ȥԴǴ԰һԻҼֱ̫ 
˫⿪ҵ½޳ָǺĺۼ 
ʹ𣿡 
ʹˡ 
һ˿Цݸָֻ֣ҵƤ 
׵ģôˣΪҿ޵𣿡˵Ц 
ֻԿɶԣץסֲ֣ΪʲôʱһĹң 
ޣޣ޵ҵĶҪˡ˫ǿһɣΪĨᣬ۸ˣȥ˵ţ´ 
ͨһϡ 
ϤϤĽŲ˽ 
ӣūʧְˣûˤ˰ɣ 
ӣСѽūŷϴϢ 
һҡ 
˫ֻǴڵϣЩֵĿң¶źӰĴ 
ôˣʹ𣿡һæļ硣 
ͥһһ˵ҵĽŶûҲȥˡ 
֮ʹ֮ҵĶʱ̡ 
˫ģģֻʱģ̫ҽ˵·ԷչԼԡҾĶ˫˵ҭסҵİο 
ҿչԼѾûչ˱˵ǿڳĹŮȦ 
§ס 
ԶԻչˣԶһ˫ 



ˣ˫Ϣˡ̫ҽ˵õúܿ죬ϾͿ´ˡһºͻȻ룬Цߵߡ 
ÿĽ˫صϡ 
ġսдԿŽơī鱾ŵ˫ߣ˱ӡ 
лл˫˵ɫָƽ 
ͥӦö˫įúܡЦ˵ 
ĬȻ֮ 
Ҫ⼸İиˡ󣬱뿪˶ 



صͥʮĻ 
һѾƷ 
㣬ʵں¿һϢӡһֱ̽Ϣ˵󰭣Цӭ 
ûʲôǿװЦ 
ģͲҪЦˡò߰ɣϸҵɫѽ˸Ρ 
ʮĻӾͻȤңҵ˵ 
˵㶼֪ƽʱжɣۡľ 
һҪȥأһȥҴĶȤԸŮʽٷ 
ʱ䡣ͥ͵͵ɣóƲ˵ݡ 
ߵĹˣ¡ 
˵գûˡһ衣 
΢΢Цͥѩ㣬ѵá 
ֻϤʮĻɫˡһһۡ 
ʱסһɫ˵ʵ״¡̫ӵ¿ϾҪʽǻˣʱĳ͢˲Ϣ䡣㶼κ󵳵ˣ̲ˮ֮˵࣬࣬һСĵ»ʣ鷳ˡ財úôţҲٵ̫ǰȥۣˡ 
ҿŲ豭ǣͷת˼ȦѹٻضϢԭȲҪλˡ 
ǣһɣһأЦĶʵ 
ǺǡȲҡͷͥͨ͸᲻֪ˣҲҪˡ 
ЦȻԸ˵Ҳǿ 
㡣 
ŻǸסģ̫ӵѣ˵ɣǸˣʲôʵ 
뿴ɣôԼȥۿǲϲ˼ͷġһص˫ﶼ̫עĿˡ 
ûʲôȤİڰֻ֣Ǿܺÿ𣿡 
ɫʱ 
֪˵˻һʱ䣬죬ڨڨȥ 
Щ⣬ðɫĵмһῪЦ˵ģֻǡյĻ 



ҲĽûлصԺֻȥĸ˫ 
ĸĿֻ˵˵ģ𽹬лȥˣִҽĻڻԵһƬյ 
ɻ죬˭ȿȡĸᡣ 
æĸı 
ͥѽӦĸÿ궼ƬЩֲ֪Ưȥ޿ģѽĸڳڵĲʹ޹⣬ΨһɫһЦЦֺۣļ̳˫۾ 
ĸҵҪô˸е£ȥС¹ݰɡ 
ãáĸʹҵ֣ҪȥϣԼȥɣҪ׼һˡ 
ϵ塣֪񣿡ʵ 
ҲǷ֮ˡͥĸ·ʲô̫ӽΣ 
̫ӵһ򶼺չҵģĸ㲻õġ΢Ц 
ĸ˼Ƭ̣˵Ȼҵ⣬ȴ߳󣬶𾴶ܡƢһǿú׼Ϊ̫ӣʵȹ̣ġóŷ֮ģҪȻ֮ǧҪκεߵ̫£ 
ץס˹ĸ֣ƤЦĸ˽ңҾ̫ԵģҶȨҲȤ 
¾¼ʹ㲻ȨȨҲᰮѽĸҫһѿȴ仰 




Ȼӿڼ֮ 
϶Σݱڴ΢ͬʱ㷺䣬¾λ˵ڽϵڰЩջף 
ȴ׵ҥԣ˵ǰ˻ӻ԰ҩһҹ֮ȴĵ 
˻һɣһƷԱӿб߾ļڶʹһͽᣬòΪ̫ӵǻϰĵĺֻǸӡ 
ȻϼݱһһͿʼѡ 
κԻϲΣ֮ǰıϵ¶ˣ̷ּ̫ڲȵȣϵگз̫ӣ˻ӵҥԡ 
ڶʹѴУ˵Ͼ 
ǣȻ̫Ӽûзչһϳȴά̫ӵĺϷλ룬ͳҷȻġ 
οڶʹûнĻᡪڰ·Ͼ˫˫˰ɱ 
̫Ӱȥӱ͡ 
û֧ԮֱĲŵ 
ּηҵĽɨǻǰ̨ס 



ĬĬĹۿһУԡ 
ҹúͥ 
ұͥһ򽻺ãǰˣҴӲȥݷá 
Ҵ˹ţùŮﱸ˹ϹСˡ 
ΪŲģѾ˱֮׼ڵֱǾϲϳ㲵Цúϡ 
΢ЦƱ 
վͲ֪ˣⱭʹһ 
ˣȻʬδ̫ôҲֵоҰο 
ˣҪֻ棬˵˵ѣһ뿪֮Ҳ㳩̸ʼۿҡ 
Ϊвƣ֪ΪλҪðһ 
ǺǡͥΪȨ֣δǰܾ̫ҩĵҥԳ̫һѽͶ˶˵ܾ͹ԹҧȥǺǡ 
һݣȾƣ־һ 
ˣͥ͡ˡͻȻסҵ֡ 
һ֮£Ʊ䡣 
ŵˣͥͥȶסҵ˫ﻹһϳɹԵ 
ء֪ͥ޺ֻǣ뿪뿪ĸ뿪ѽ 
Ҵδ˿޵θһʱҲƿ 
ͥ¹վһˣɫѡ 
˫ô㣿Ҳ첻С 
ͥ޵ԺҲţҿЦãֻҵĹ˷ȥ 
ͥһۣǡˡǰ˵ 
һǲ̵סƬ̣żŵ 
˫վһߣ齩Ӳ 
ôˣ´߶ˣҹ¶ˮġ緿ڡ 
ϲ㡣ֱֱĿҡ 
Ǹʧ֮ˣǶʱѡ 
ҵĻȥ˫ҡ 
˱ҵĴҾеʹûƿ 
þòſɿҡ 
ϲ𣿡 
ҡҡͷֻǰοѡ 
˫ɫŻůһ˿Ц֡§סҡ 
Դ˫νѺ󣬱رճңЩͯƵÿ 
˯𣿡˷ܵ 
ҡҪȥ𽹬ҹĸҹ﻽һ˻ѣ˫ﻹ߽ 
Żʧ֮࣬ͻȻʵʹҪʲôӲضҶᵽ˷סˡ 
δĻϾȻֱ 
ֻø֮žƣίȰ̫ӡ 
Ĺ࣬Һˣ뿪˵ݵĿҡ 
ֻбܿѵԶ˺ 
ȥ 
á 




̧һͿĹ˺Ϳŭ̫ӵ¡ 
˫ˣҹ֪ȥǰｹ 
ȥͥˣʲô֣˫Ĵƿ˫ۣۣҪϢˡ 
ʾ⹬Ůȥ˫ޡ 
ۼ˫뿪ҵ̱ϣһñľ 
ҵúܣϣ̫ӵ¿˫֮˺һصתˡ 
УֵĶͲϲմȾ 
ͣ½ŲͷһЦǡǰȥӲĴһ¡ 
΢Ƭ̡ 
Ķ㡣˵ 
ʱȭĿ 
ЦݻδͱǿаߵϣһҴûϮϡ 
˫ƤྶͥͷҵĿǻҵڱڣҵͷӿ 
ʵ޷ܣҧһڡ 
ɫ˺ܶࡣ 
ôˣ˶ãͲУＫ񶾡 
ģȻͷȥŭӡ 
ߵðģѧ˳ͿܱˡĸȰڶߣﲻᣬѵֻ϶ѣ 



ǳ¸گȻʵǬ꣬ȻﺫϷʥ»̫󣬰ࡣͬʱ磬̫ǻԪ 
ĸѳϢҼΣδȻʷĸ˵ز 
گһһƬžǶƼµĬȻ飬֪ʥתʵһȻʵѹ䣬游ǰʹǹٹˣҶδ˵ݡݵвڣʥͬɴ⡣ 



ĸگǰȥ 
ĸһƽͶׯָϲ򻨲衣 
׷ȻʶȥǰҵңҲǺҵҡͥ㲻ҪΪĸѹĸĩЦŶ˸ҡ 
µǻʲôɱԹģ 
ĸͥúöԼúûȥ 
ǣҾͰˡĸɵЦˡ 
ĸͷ 
á 
ĸͥǺͥһգһֱ룬Ҵҵĸһˣҵĸס 
ͥеݶĸת£¡ 
ͥҡһֱһ㣬֪ûлᣬǹĸûԺ󣬾ûлˡĸסĸҵۣ촽ţһν£ 
ڹĸ΢ҷ·𿴼ʮǰĳǡ 
ʱĳһԺյļ壬֮󡣼һԶޢ껪ĽãׯţĶˡСףǳ佫Ĺӣ÷С޲¡ڶδУһͻȻҲİԼδķǵӰڹӶԽٹ̣겻ơڽʮʱżȻеʱĻƼˣϵŮòĵɫ㡣ɱĽ˹˻ϵĹҼΪܳ衣ĵﻹǾῡʵĽŹӣʱҲ˳еһλмεὫҵһлͽ̸ģҲ飬ݲ±Ůˡһֱ֪ڵȴŽȴûиûᡣ÷ͻ䣬᷸ⷬ飬۵˾ž͵ĳͷΪУϾҪΪʺˡΪδû϶ɡʱóڹʵһЩؼ뿪ˡϣõ˳Ҫ˵İˡһ֪δеϢ룬һŮǵĹٳоȵԼˣǷòͽġܻСŮҴҼ޸һ˼ҡڹŵ˺ӣ¼ԺӵŰźͶǻʺĽ㡣ĻھΣҲǳչáλմūʱڳϢýȢԼáر߼档 



ǸǳĻƻ裬ϼѤãͻȻҵãĸװγ彣ˡܳʱѪأأ½վһߣ֪롣Ϊʲô˵ 
ֻ˵һ仰˵Ȣ㡣 
ЦЦҲ͡ĸʵﲻɵǸãʩĸͰˣԸѡǡڵڶ꾹˻ɫء 
⳾Ĺ£Զµ׵ĸףüֺ͸ɾʹǸûи׵ĺӡ 
ҺͥҺǱӦջǾҵ˼ôЩңҲҪһĹͥǱӦѽĸסҵ̵֣Ứһενҵϡ 
ĸעĸһԵעǸҰ֡ 
Ҳô˵ԼĸϬĹâһסҵ죬Ŀңֳ̾һŵһšͥů㡱ĸģҾͽϵ㲱ˣ룬ӦúйءҪ 
ˣҺùĺùĵˡҲɵĸ̹ԡ 
ĸҵЦðִ飬Ǿ̫ˣͥ 
תȥԾصųȻÿ˶ԼǵˣҲÿ˶ΪԼĸ飬һС 




Ȼʴ죬ұ˷𽹬Ĵ⣬߰˽ȥ˹Ůʹ 
ĸһ㿴ģġҹоȵҺӿĬĬ 
ĸ㣬ǸĹûҶǱ硣 
¼⡣ŵţĳϰ˵үƫԶƶ֮Ϊͥȥϣ˵ƣѵ 
 
ںͥΪĸãΪͷߡ֪ǻȥģϣЩȡ 
һصĹţҹе˿˿䡣ľڹеĿʱ⣬ĸδҷŷݣƣһǶӿΣƭӡͯĿ 
һģԤУĿʱ⽫һȥˣΪΨһҲҵһˡȥˡ 
ϣƽ 
°ɡ꾶ֱߵߣ㣬аݡ 
ֻǴ£ 
ĸȥǰƽЦݡ˵ 
ﲼЩڤֽ 
쳯˲㣬˵ڰʱͥء 
ҲӦ졣 
޵Ļ𣿡Щˡ 
ҵձѬ÷ա 
󵨣ҴӵץҼʹ 
촽˼£ԣܸеҺ丶ұļ䡣ʱܸеҵĴ 
ãȻĿŶԷ޾ڰ 
˵ѽҡһҡҽӲ塣 
ҴУҰοͬҾûдɱҰɣͻȻµ 
㡣Щ֣Щҿѿ壬͵ģһ¡ 
һжģˣһжˣһ´棬ͷɵĻӦţղţţ˱ţ˫ҲȻ§סΰǰ˵ĺȡ 
ģڶԷִ´ʱһҧ˻ȥ 
򡣡ұƵڵء 
ɫͨ죬Щʹüͷȫɡ 
ĨĨǣˮѪ 
ҷڵϿЦЦЦţתʡ 
˾ɷ򣡡޺˵߽ 
ң˼һĨȥỨãܣص㡣 
ߣͳѩ׵˿ǣЦΪ˭ǰĸ㣬ԸԸ£ܣ˭֪Ұ֣㲻֪ɣĸǱϳͥİ֮ˣֽ񣬶û˵Լҿͼ̳ѪǸͶͱļˣ 
Ҷ·ġΪʲôңҵ 



ͥʡϡв֮ͣȻ˫ 
Щ죬ӵϷңЩѹˣҿ⼸죬㶼ݳʲôˣ 
˫˳ƽͷļϣˮ䣬ңҡú¡ 
ɵϣ˫ǵĻӦҵıס 
𽥲ȵĺס˫˫۸ˡ 
˫ôˡѹŭȴ˫Ĵˡ 
ϣͥܲƽҾˡ 
¿¾ֻͻ϶Իˡ 
ҸмĿ˫ϳ˿ĨᣬһֱӶ 
ðɣ޻ˡ 
뿪ˣҵҲ뿪˫ 
ôº͵Ŀҡ 
ҡҡͷô˵ղǲΣƭҲ൱ͬı 
ҹ˫ڹĸǰҽͯĹ£ݣץ㣬ǹĸ 
ǣλүĹϵܺˣ 
ǰɡǸ˵ƢҶ˽⣬Ҫ˵ǱԶģʱȨ˫ɥʧ͵ѰͭǮ棬ûм̡ 
ร˫ס˫ۣҽűߣųſĴףﶼһЩǣԶվԼλϣ׼ʱ̫ʱʧǧң𣿡 
Ҳ⿴˹ȥ죬һһƤ֡Цţ˫ҲЦţ޿ɱĹ˫ϣȪ˿ 
Ծ˫Ķͷȴһȥտգµģģʧȥı۰ͻȻԹԵĺһ𣬿Ǻ 
ֻ㡣 
 
ֻ㣬ͥҸеôů 
 
㡣ûо𣿡 
˫ 
 
ֻ㣬Ҹеƽ 
 




ϳˡɵݱȥˣһƷѧʿְ 
ע⾡ҵദ̲סҵһǻʵҲΪĿҲ˳ۣ˫ԭȫ 
˶ޱΪ޹˵ޱ滨ݣɫĵ 
һּ˫ΪҽὫΪ֮סһסޱá 
ҵĺͥޱһ˫ǶԴ˺⡣ 
зִ磬ڶһͬʣ˫̽ĽھԶȥ˲پ޵۹⡣һ䵭ˣŮ֮ӡ 
ʱϳʱʱĿңЩȡ˽˵öΣֻ˵һë´Цסңˡ 
ҵĲľսƽࡣ 
գϵĿǣֻ嶯һηйһʣﵭȥ 



󣬿ˬޱȣҺͼСںͥտĺԺֲѹӢЩӻ˫Ūģ˵ĵƵ÷Σ뿴嵭ֲ 
ǾѹӢԺûܿܳƬƬġҽȻͬ⡣ 
Żͻ϶ϲѹӢġĩˣĵһ䡣 
жһǿͭ˵Ҫ͸ҵġ 
תۼϵ 
ţ 
ͻȻ˫۱һ˫סÿһ˫֡ 
²˭ɤӵĹ 
һ룬Īĸоѿڶɻˣ 
ɿˡ 
Цת汧 
øˣôųҵζȵıҶȦȫ߾ÿڴūš 
ˣСӡɺͳǳˡ 
ɻϲ̵Ĵ 
ҶһôûʲôɳƵģһɹɺɫһӢɰüۣһѩҫ۵СһЦͷֻʣ¿ĵˡ 
ɳǲһ㣬㶼ɹ̶ⷬȡ˵Ц 
ѽǵˮͲͬˣ㻹ϸƤģǲǸٺ˵ѽƣôϲ˵Ц 
Цֹȴ 
ĥƬ̣ͷҲЦǰĿȴѥǻ 
·ϵģǸμȻʵĴᣬ˭֪ɳ꣬ʧȥһ룬ҿ 
ҿû£ҴĽ͡ 
ҿõ㣬ɳУҲַ˼ʮ·ûˮȣ¼Σ̧ͷͿ㣬СʱʮĻӺӰӵȥΣͶԼ˵һҪ㣬ҲһΣ°Ȼ˵ţЩͯȤ 
ʮľͻãӣ֪ˡǸҹкʹ޵ 
ɻǲõЦҲȥ٣·϶ˣһǧȷġʵﶷù̫ӣ̫СĬԣɰȴǼļƺͳǸģοǵճȹ̡˵ˣӵҪһЩ 
ҵһЦΡ 
öȤºأҵ֣˷С 



ҹ޹ھɻһפ߽ɻһңῴҺĽŹϵǵⲻҲƴǡ󳼽ڶ࣬Ҳδע⵽ҡ 
ھյ󣬻ϴɻϯ˫Ҳڻϵߡ 
и֮룬ϣͥҲҿ飡ɻЦ 
׼ˡˬ졣 
ȴƫϯϲƣɻǾòӳ֮ϣ粻ʶ˾֮⡣ 
һϯЦŷ˫ߵķĿʱ 
ֻвȥ̧ͷԹԵơ 
ιǸߵǱѽɻ 
С۾ϿɲϲɫĶˡҰ뿪Ц˵ 
𣿡ɻ¶Ǻ⣬ЦĿңֿ˫Ҳϲ˿ѽֲܰѴҵ۾ϰɡ 
Һ޺޵һѣ۷ת 
˫ʱһվһ˹ 
λսҵˣ˲ţ־ѣƣ 
˫ǳҸտڣͱϴˡ 
ͥҪˣŻӣ󻰣ѽ¸߸ߵ˵߶˼䡣 
ѣͺԺʿһ߸ 
漴ƺ觱ǰ 
˫صλҾƱһ˫ˮͫ͸ôյĻǡ 
ΩвЦЦӭơ 
ɻǳذܣһϺȵ첱ֵģöЩɵɵĹǺ޲ʧ 
Ὣʱѿʼͷʹ 
ͥǻز˸ˣЪĺͥɡ΢ЦĶ˵ҹ鲻 
ϵֻܽˡʵΣͦζġ 



ҷɻͥȴҪ¡ֻһ߿ס 
˺ˣһҵĹۡ£طұԹǵݸһ˿ȵͷǹѵ˳ơ 
һܵһ㣬û˰ٷˣ˷ϡ 
ûүı 
үСѽүǡǺþûٺ١ˡɻˣһסҵ 
ᣡ˳űߵһֻһͷҺˮҶʱǰѬǵľɢ˺öࡣ 
Żɻ°°ϵˮ 
ӣֻȥᣬˮҺȣ 
ͥ 
һ˫ı۰Ȧסҡ 
ĵϣĽ 
ͥСҡСӡүҡ߶ţһ־ҵڣˣƤúܶˣɳġ 
ӻеѣ֪һｫҵ¥ˣһģ 
ͥͥˡáҡ 
ⷬ٣һ˿Ѷʼģˡ 
ִֵĦҵļ˵ĸо̶ȫá 
֪Ѿڡ 
ֻһȵĴʼҾͷǡ 
ʱҲǹңû飬ȴһ 
ΪʲôҪһֱ 
ɻǻͣסһһˮͷ¡ 
ȾŵɿԷ 
˶ľɻԾĽ󣬷·ҪҲ 
˫ֱ߹һȵɻϣ򣬱Էס 
ˣ˭ʲôȨңɻߴ˾š 
˫ҧˮ۾Ҫųȴ˵ 
㣬ô𣿡ˣϾ֮Ŀתң΢΢۽ǣܿ˿⡣ 
ѧʿ޿Ҳʥʫ㲻ܽһ㣬ڴ֮ͥ¾͡ 
ϢŭɻЩѧʿˣǡﳼƺԣϳͷɻɡ 
һ 
˿̶˵ֱȹ͹һģ߳ܣֻѪһӿҼûκˡ 
ǧжϧ˫侲ⲻ 
ɻ޿Ĵ󽫾ְ֮Ҳͷˣһأһ˺úþ˼һ¡˵ 
ϡҲòټſˣɻǰ;ܾװͣǰ£ǡǳƺΪ䣬޴ͷ䵽ϰɣҴ֮ѽɸ 
ˣ˫ĽµۼҪȼһִδ˺ʹϸֳ 
һѽ𣬿סҵ۾ܿǷݾͷ߿һ㰧󣬡ңͥҡΪʲôҪΪʲôΪΪԡԱ㣬Դҡ˵ѽ 
˫ҡңãȻĿķͷʹѡ 
˫侲һЩ˫´ȽķסļͷպҪ̫ȥϢɣԺ˵Ӧʱͷ 
˫ֱֱסңһĿƽҲ 
ͥۺۣſңתȥҲ㣬ҡֻǺºٿ㡣 
§˫ȥұȸղŸ֪ˣСӣôˣǲһجΣǶ 
屻ůůı۰סܸоԲԲ°ھ󣬱Ϣҵͷ 
ͥͥҵֹöΣö࣬ൽΪġҵȥʱҾμ㡣૵˵š 
֣͵ƿĸоֻصϡ 
ôˣ 
ôˣ 
Ҳ˲ܵ򹬷ȥоڶ߻ϵĻҪö࣬һƵҹңţڳϣҪ˦ϵĻ𡣡Ƿ׷ţĺţͥͥܲˡ 
ͥҵȥʱҾμ㡣 
 
ֻͥ㣬ͥҸеôů 
ء֪ͥ޺ֻǣ뿪뿪ĸ뿪ѽ 
ܼͥסңĻر 
ͥǱӦѽ 
ͥΪʲôС㶼ԺαĵﳤĸǧĺǻţƯ´棬ƽ⡣٣ϲϰϧϲŮŮΪ㵹ûκεͷͲðһĵУ飬۵ģЦգᣬⳡ׷أ 
 
վס˽ţΪ·ߡ 
ˡˡūΪ£ϸϸССżֵӡ 
˭ 
ū㣬ū澡ѾźһˣԴС㡣 
С䣡 
͵Ļعץסĸ첲ճյĿšһССģһϪˮ 
ģġ 
ʱū澵ΣиСġЦˣСƣŵƤ 
һѽ§ס 






 
ĵһŮˣ㡣 
Ǹ˳ˣҲǳзִ磬һҹºޣûǰֳ 
ȴʹŷһʵҵ߷ʱñһˣһˡԣԺû 
ҹҸŵ 
Ȣףһ㡣 
ͣеĻƣ̧ͷһۣȶָ˳̬ 
˲÷ϣס 
ף 
һɲץסʣʲô 
֪ûԵ 



ΣһҪϳҽὫ˫ûԷһ㣬ޱҵɡ 
ƷԺѧʿΪ飬Ʒ⡣մˣл 
ͻȻԼܷ⣬æлһĹҲ̧ͷı顣 
˳»ߴҵޱʥ鷿ݡ 




ǵһ߽ޱ󣬾һС·ܵʥ鷿ͥԺŻͨ͸滨ݣˡ 
鷿һСͤУҿ˼˫ 
ְֵĽд֡ 
ͤΧʢŰɫצպɫƷĵŵŭޱȣư硣˫һĳīۣڴԻİΧˡ 
һҲǱװϵ͵úϵľˡ 
עǺþã￪ʼͷգһֻߵķңӹҡ 
ҿһķīеĶ˫˫̧ͷ 
һ˿˫͸գת뿪ˡ 
΢ЦŽ鷿 
ʥ鷿õ൱򵥣ǽīɵַּ红ۣͯ˵˫ϰ 
ҹĦַȤ 
ԱһʡԽΪ򱱽ڶʹΪΣ 
һɻūµĵ򣬡˵ϽѸߣǰʹǹٹˣ֧֧ı˼ 
ʲôʱ˵ˣʾҲٳӣֻԹԵ˵ȥȻʵĴ֮޼Ͻϵ׳ѽҲʮѺū˺ԼһƽɻѾ˱İšǳʤĹߣ־ȱһͳ죬ȱãҲԳ𡣡 
˵ЩЦһ 
ҶʱģѶɻġһھǣϽԳ͢һĹŹѡū˵սͣɽң·Զڶʹ֮ӡʱԵĶӾõʣŸͷΣȻΪʥѫ 
һν 
ǣ׼΢ȥȰϽٶȳɽˡҴ˿Ҳ˽ٵԴͷȥϽ׵ѽ 
ʱ޳ԾһӥĿעƽ 
̧ͷһЦâĿⶥ˻ȥ 
Ϊϲˡ 
ޣһϲЦˣŮ衣 
ҲиССҪ󡣡 
޷ 
˫һ档 
˲Ķͣ٣ʲô¶ 
ûУֻǶͰˡ˵ 
ʾ⹬Ů·ޱ˷ 



˷鷿ȵһϣŮ¡֨һƿڵľšҲַıڣ˫ͦεıӰûŲġ 
ʱ˵ҵĽŲ񣬶Ըͷˣ 
ǿעǻ뵽İɣ˵ 
ڻعͷգҲһϣ 
ҶĽͰɣƿһȴ̨ҲϺĵ 
һڴζĻ㣬Цתڴ̨ 
ҲͻģȻӦ˵ǸҡҿŽż⣬Ц⣬ҹ²ᣬֻҡûб¶ǰһѣǵҺ˵Һ͹Щ׽ӶϤúܣһ鷿飬һ԰ˣʮү꣬үͥɻС㻹أǹϵܺá 
õҪϴ𣿡˫վƿǰֻ΢ 
ߡ٬ЦһܴﵽĿģҲν 
ҷӦѰһƣ˫Ķǿ磬ֻʧҳԲסͻȻһ˼ڻ輸ͱյ˵ϡ 
סһĵĴʹǳŵ˴Ƭϡ 
ǺǡҼЦ˫ôˣ㡪ʲôʸѵң 
ѾתΪԹ㲻ף 
Ҵµʲôףǰйĸңҿֽ񡣡Ǻǡ㿴ֽңʣЩʲôǻ׹ˣҲҪѧῴɫˣȻôȨƣԸϹˣʲôɲúʹʹأ 
˫ʼɢĶһȥ 
Ӧףͽһ棬ҪȥҪ˶úãĵ˵ЦЦ¶Ͽס˫ܵİڳŵģ 
һᣬ޵ϻ䡣Ϭ˫ûһ۽ããȻĿǰ 
ҼѪǵһοᡣ 
룬ҵĿѴﵽ 




ˣѾ˵뿪 
Ļԣ֪ʲôʱŶˡ 
վͷ߹ߣĿЦ 
ϣúչ᲻ŵ 
ؿһۣӶ⡣ 



һ̣ҵľľģģ·һĿնڼ˫ 
룬Ժ󰲷ֵӣЩ۵̶ȥˡ 



ľȻĳޱ 
ˣغͥ 
ȥϽĸڣ 



ɻǰʱ΢΢ſھͥ㻹أ 
Ͼϲ¡ 
ҾʹĽһŷְֻƵѪۡ 
ôɻŨŨüͷһ飬һĽмøҩ 
ҳճյĿϰ糤Ѫڣ˼ͣޱ 
˫۲ͣԺ 
ңô˭˵㣿ͷɻסֱֱ𼱻ǵۡ 
СӣһᱧסʱһůԴӹĸҶȥ 
ҵı֪Һ۽ǻ䡣ûйĸĵ﷭Щʧȥ˲Żʹ 
Ҳһ̣Ҳ˫ԭǲһġ 
֪Ҿҵֵһı˵ҸеʱĽֻмû£ֶѡ 
㲻˵Ҳʡң˵ 
Ҳᣬ 
ϽҼԼʹ 
ҴȥҸںԺ 




ݼϽҾǰ˾壬棬Ұͷһ俪ʵݡ 
ŻǷɻᵽĺͥɡǺǡʥ»̫ġ˺ͰЦԴֹԭˬʵЦҵʼ 
ʥ»̫ҹĸҲĻ 
มϽȻЩĲɣĿȴζҡ 
Щ˻ϵ˼ 
ѽϻǵôϷѽԽŽĿŲֱߵڼܱߣһѹҽᡱһһˮıʡ 
Ȼ͸Ϸıּˡ쳤̾ 
˳˻ϸĲ£ȻҸ嵨Ĵ黳ҵһ󱯰Ρ 




ɻһعһ·϶ͷ 
ڳ¹űͣˣһӻʥݳУֻóһ߹ͻϡ 
жԶ𣿡Ϥ˫ҸϽͷ˵͡ 
ȹͻݣɻĻǵĿ⡣ 
ֻȣɻڡ 
ŲͣߣȴһƬž 
ֻ̧ͷ 
ӭ濴˫ıĺĮۿᡣ 
̶תҲԷ֣ͷһЦıɽѩţǡ 
䵽˱֪ˣȥΪ徻ɤӸº֮ 
Ҳûпǣȥ 
վųԶȥ 




Ժ˫ڹ͢Ƶĺڳĳڶ֪ҽὫǻ׽ر𡱵ˡ 
Ȼƽʱڳ˫ĬԣƽʣСǶƴİͽֺȫ޷ 
˫ѾΪޣһūŵҲʻҡ 
˽£ǵĹϵҲ޷ԣֻǼΪء 
˵˽Ҫȥ̳¸󣿡 
ǧȷұ洫ҹȥѽѽҲֻ˲Ĺѽ 
ǺǣСӣ˵䣬ᰮҸոյõһöϳϬӴ 
ǣһɣ׼Ҳ˵ģҪȥʱҪ㡣 
ǣǡǵ£֪ܲܰæ 
ǡͷ绹Ų 
Ǻǣ⻰ɲ˵Ҳǡʮþ 
 
˳˽ǡҵĶУξʱס̧˿úҲǻæжɵá 
㣡 
һѩ׵˿˹ 
ѷ굽ǰ 
ҸЦ˼סԼʧ̬ 
ȥҵĹ빬һҡ 




빬ĴǽƮ㣬һ£㣬һʲôʱ򣿺ǳģʱһϴ裬Ǹ˫˵ġ 
ҴߣԼҪЩ¡ 
˺öࡣ˵ġݹһյ𻨲裬˳ַȥ۱ߵĶ 
΢΢㿪ͣ˰գεĿ˼ 
ܸ𣿡ǹĵʵ 
ұܵҡҡͷȶЦʲô£ֻǣûйĸӻϰ߰ɡ 
ǣǲû˸㣬Цʱ򣬾ͱǿװЦգˣᡣ 
̧ͷסº͵޻˵ 
Ǿ㣬Ժ㲻ϰߵʱҽơֵҵļ硣 
ʱߵĳ嶯жôƺͼį 
ᣬᡣ 
̶һֻڸӹͷЪڲԶĻϡ 
æȥ¸ӵĽͣóһֽʱżʲôǵĿҡ 
ȫʼս亹ϤϤ 
ʲôҪεĺˣ˹ȥܴû 
ûʲôͥңֻǣֻƹܵһ֯ϢѡûʲôûСû˺κ˵ġЩ޴롣 
ȭͷָ׼̽ƣ׿ղŵļ 
첻Ľ͵Щǳ͢ƵһЩçѣϡû˺ֽǺʹʥʱ䡣˵ʹ߻ҽɽׯһ񹦡ؼ 
񹦣ģĸеⱾؼļֵǷ 
ѽʿúһؼ˵Խתˣˣͨȡ 
һץסＤ֡ 
ģͨˣ 
ǵġɻĿңֶԾ书ûȤ˵ϿͣⱾؼҪֱ͵ϣκ˲ʹ顣 
ԭˡ 
ҷſ֣˼ܣΨһϣҲҪɱҡ 
һҪõ顣꣬ҡ̬ĿԷ 
ЩΪѣʹɻֱӵհϻ빬Ǳܵġ 
ǡа취סϰʱȼʹߣӦлὫؼҳ˼˵ 
ӦСǻϻ᲻ῴα 
ᣡҿ϶˵΢΢һ̣ԶƵĹõⱾؼҪֻǻٵ 




ʱԼʱǲ˻ϡ 
ôǳĲǰ 
ضҲþûˡģȴǺúõġ 
ǹʥ»̫ԸĸһֱҺúÿƬ˯ǰ쿴𽹬ˣǻ϶˼ĸֻ롣ҿ 
ȻɫһϾѪŨˮ 
ˡӻ䣬ڴӦ 
лϡٰݣ԰һ 
⣿ʱ˰ɣεһƬӣֲܾ̾ΪҲǺ͡ 
Ը԰ 
ͥԭˡˡ 
һ԰ѹӢ 
չͺܶ࣬ѩ׵ѹӢ 
ͥһ΢ȥʱˡ΢ЦĿⷬƻ̾ 
ɲǣ ˷ˡ˵Ȼɫ糯ҹҹֻۣ϶Щʱɢɢߣ塣 
˵úĵת˸ǰ˵ϣĿңｻ֯ôж͡ѿ 
ͷ϶ѹӢҿøȥЩ˿˿ƣռˡ----е˶Էȵĺ 
һұ§סˡ 
㹴ޣ 
شͱס 
ԭȼңĦǣƷҵĹɾһȺͽŴСȴĸĦ泩ޱȡ 
Ҽƻķչѹ˲ݴС 
һ˺ѵʹУҶʱ˹ 
ҪҪҵۿԾӿҺ˫סԷա 
ý֣ͥЩƣʱ 
ϡʹҪ㲻ҪشʹӾ磬°ճҺ廬Ȳ࣬Ҳɷſ֣ڲݵϣʹ 
ɵ㣬ȳſ㡣ʼɶסҲһײ 
ʹпʼľҧΪˮģ 
ͥá޺⡣Ȼ䣬ѹϵ˼ӿƵʣʹ亹졣 
۾Ửȵգܾ˼룬ֻϣǣʱ˿µĲǸһţߵĺͥ 
ڵȵˣ뿪ҵ壬ܸ߳˻۾΢΢ȴûС 
ĬãѣΡ 
һ¶֫ 
úϢˣҽ㡣ƽдϡ 
ֻǲ˵ 
̧Ҫߡ 
ҹʹȥסա 
˫ܲ˵ġ˵ 
Ĵһ˿Цָҵӣһ̣ɫĮͼȫʧץסҵͷ 
ҳʹĺһ 
Һ£ʲôȨʸ˵Щӥ΢Уŭʢܲˣܵ𣿡 
⻰ҲһᣬЦһڿ֣ ҵȻܺȣʲôɫ㣬֮ӡҡֻʹ﹩ǲһûûġҰ֣ 
һ仰ص˵ԼҿסҪᣬһЦ˵˾ɷ˭ԣ 
øˣִϡ 
ϾһľҺ 
ھ͸ޣޣ⹬ﻹ˭㣿ҵ°ͣ޺޵ʵ 
ƵЦ˫ 
ֱֱƬ̣ɿ֣ʲô˵ˣҲǿ㣬ӽԺֻ·ҪôԹԵ޵ĻҪôͳʧһڼˣúѡġת뿪 
ҴľڰããѹӢŸղͻجΣ˫̬ȣǱ񹦡ɻˣôࡣӷ·Ҫըһ㣬ô࣬ôãǽԼڴ˷ء 
ˡҪط𣿡ʵ 
Ҳžѹ 
ҡ֪Ļͷ⺮ͥΨһֵ׽εˡ 
ūѾˮľ裬ҪҪϴԡϢĻȻʱıܿѿ 
 




ҵ˻ر˳Ļˡ񹦡ĦǱѷƵ飬ʹж˺Щ 
ͥɫɲáЩǵĿϲ̬ 
ûʲô¶û˯þţϸ 
ǺǣͥѵõңССķջֵõģĿο 
ʱŷԼƽ䣬ĵĵĻ䷺ԺԾҲҪԻرܵĺá 
ҹϣҴջ鱾͸̳ȥˣŻͼĴԻ治٣ 
Ӣ۰ûʲô˲ҴĻԼȴҲԿɶԡ 
һĲæǣͥϢһɣúòһ 
лл㡣һѹЩɤӣղŵʵʧ 




죬һԭˣվڳϣֱձͷ 
麫࣬࣬һƷ 
ãȻ̧ͷɫԴ 
£ǫѷ΢ƴǵ 
лȴҴ֮ϼ̳дԳ¶мӣͿΪƽֻ޶֮ǿΪ֮˷ƵٳְһԶ£ֻйʥջس֮£ 
һƬž 
٣ҲԺգϾǻϵױܣΪҲ˵ȥȺͷҪĵģʵԹ۵֮ͬԱǡ 
ˣ֪ҵĹǣⵣѡأףΪࡱΪ˽ˣӦúúÿһ˳ҾٴӳɡĺɫмӣԵҵСǲ㡣 
˳ұߴ鷿 
º󣬽ŵЦǣ̧ҵ򢣬ôˣһƷĹٶҪ 
һӿᱡЦˣʲô 
һصԣΪʲôĲԣ޿ɲϲǿ졣޵ȷе㣬ЩûУ 
ѪһӿĿȫΪҧҧ촽̫ʦϣҲֵЦûؿ£ǵó˵أżʲôأĻǵ𡣡 
˷곡Ϸ⣬ҵĻֱӲƸо 
ͨһϵҽ¡ٴðϡ 
ʰǱӣĻҳ͵ĸǰ 
˫İɣдԽԽнˡ 
䣬ı۰ǯס˵һ£Ѿϡ 
ǰĿԽǳĬԽշȡ 
⣬ϸס˫ڵۡ 
ִַסҵļ硣 
޺úÿ㣬˫ֱۣͦı˳ӵĴһЦһ򭶼šůĴͣҵߣȵıϢҵջ󣡡 
ۼΣյͻȻ˵ʥ 
һ£ʱסüͷ 
ʥû֮ͻϵɫ¡ 
ˣƽޡȻһǻҵĮȻȤµĹꨡ 



վƽ 
ϣ 
ҵһȥ 
˫֮ᡣ 
ֻǿһȫעӦвСѹҲ 
ߴʤףֻҲע𣿡ʡ 
ֻǹϾһ 
ߣ 
뿪ǰǸ˸𸴣ҿԸҪԸ㣬޿ǿ 
лϣˡЦ 




µĻ¹ٴޱ 
＾ĵѷɫ٣Сæµֳѩ׾ջ 
ϵ˫轣 
һԵĻͤƹ۽ 
˫ĽͣѪѩһƬУӰӰ룬һһʽͶ˴Լ 
ϧÿһֻǸӰÿһжɥʧɱ 
Уۿ΢ʪ 
˫ͣסˡ 
ֱֱңϬĿ⽥ 
ȴԡ 
Щκͽ꣬ȥˣȻž϶еƤӰżˣա 
ʲô𣿡˫սʣҵĳʪ٣һŤŤߡ 
¿ˣҽ 
СĵĴؽͳŻƳؼ 
㡣 
˫ԥ֣֡ 
㡣ҵȻ˵ҵĶԸ𣿡 
ǽ˹ȥȫȻͬңԶ˺ס 
ȥٿɡҿøӵƣ鱾ҴĽżȻõģǧҪõ֪ 
Ӧţʪң΢ĪС 
ƿ׽ͷҿ 
Ұ羡ŵģȥȥûнյĵӡ 
ԭѳʵһǻΪı޷̹ 
˫˺㣬ϣ֪ҡֻǲƭȥ 
գתߡ 




صָͥʹһ﹬ΪԺѹӢݡ 
㣬ԶԶҪˣƬȫε 
̧ͷңãȻ޴롣 
Ҫٶۣҵ𣡡 
ĻڣҲһæԸæ 
ңңƬѩ׵лɲתɺںڵأʹಢ޼һ֣е꣬˿ɳܣԸʶ˾͸޵ݡ 
֪˫ǲϸж书ؼ֪룬֪ 
ôˣôĻεþ⣬ôε𣿡 
Ѿվ˸ǰ 
и𣿡ΪȻ̧üҷ 
ֱֹǿ֮ǰ˲ҲЦþûЦˡ 
ҿͺĻ԰ֿԷοӣЦתֱۣǡ˵ĺܶԣڷǳɣԺҶҵŬԵԼ˵أ 
ʲô˵ģ㿪ľͺˡˣ﹬й磬»ʺͬȥ 
㣿תЩ죬ѵգ 
أ΢Ц֣˼̫ĸµĶﻹǵĳƺˣ 
԰ĶʯЦҲ̫ûм˶֮ӣһĸˣڸ֮ˣ֪һģ 
ʵ˻ʺԭȷǫˡ˵ 
ҲĻ׹ݶ֪Һͳ»ʺЩĽᡣСһ鷿飬ҾͲϲֺ̬Ȼǧ̫Ĺˡϻ۹ˣǲִҵϲ 
ң͸ˣҲǲڹĺԵɣƽʱͦҵġرɻֵͥǰҵһһΪ̡ЦĽӹìͷҶͬҵĲмεľҲһˡһֱƺҲǶһŪԳǼһ㣬ʹһεСõģÿϾƺʱ˫۸ǵĸ߸ߵġ޲ϬĿϱ 
һ㣬Ǿ˵ƣϺγǶһ࿴ģ 
뵽ЩõʱɿЦ޷СӼ˵׷Ŀ⣬ǿնİˡ 



ᣬұȥˡ 







 
˵ûϡĺƱһƵġűŮδʱҪغö࣬վڵƻͨ鱦õ﹬ϣԵô󷽶ȣǫͶʧ 
ǰȥΰݣһϺΪ 
ͥôô⣬ͬܣףñ𣿡»ʺ΢Цлҵĺߵߡ 
ͥ㡪һЩ˫۾ƽеҡ 
ҲЩ죬ܳ 
ʺ㷼΢֮ĵء 
ˣϲб㡣»ʺЦøˣ¶ĳŪ 
ҸЦϡ̥ˣĥȥǽǣʣһš 
ġ 
ѹɻȺʱͬߣ⣬ҲǴСʶõĹ壬ݣڵͬǡŶ˲ʱʺ󾴾״ʣϡҲϾĽӢˣƵƵٱɫҲֻ΢΢ѡ 
˿࣬ݺ裬Ʊյò֣ʱϵ߸ʿһӹ롣 
ʥʥʺϷϼһƹһԡʿ溬Цһƪľݻ 
»ʺҡҡּлꡣ 
ȴңеʧ 
ʹ뿪󣬳ϡЦղ٣Ÿƽ 
ʿƱæãȥֻǸдʡϾǻʺĵһ﹬ʢף 
ѵ˼ȫȻ˫ˣ˼Ҳƣ޾֮ԣǰ»ʺǡ 
ͥ汾ƫСƬ̡ϡɫ԰ףվһࡣֻøǰȥ 
ƫҲǵƻԻֻͣû 
˵˫ʥȥѲʱʶѣ»ʺɫʵ 
ֻܳǣҲ֪޺ûˡ 
Ȼʺ󿪳ϲĵ˻Ͻ˫ͳҰµķ׷ۡ 
ʥϲϡͻǺԹ 
ʺһ¡ 
ǺĻ֮ˣ߹Ƨֻмݱܹˡ 
ϡﶨңüͷøʥϵΪӺνͣκһ󹬵κһṦΰҵĳӶܰϧǼ˫һߵòܱ֤֣ͥ 
ϵ⣬ȱӲ²⡣ʵﳣ࣬ԴҲӦ֪ʥֻǡһԸˡһдżֵĲ 
ͥ㡣Ȼҳԣϡһʱʧɫһҡͷ⻰ֻ֮˵˵ѣǧҪ˵ɡ 
һԡԺ󹬾ްвҲܿͻ뿪͢㣬Ҫվɫ 
ߣҲô˵ҵͳϽҲں󹬣ҲܲôЩǣӦʱעʥߵļСˡϡǿװׯ̬Ķʼ֮ͬǿҡ 
ǫʹֻǱѡ 
Ҹǣǿĵͷ͡ӦǶҵķӳ൱ʧҸ˾ںŷԭǵ˵ͬ 



Ƶ֪ǲǶ˫˷صǡߵѣһ뿪﹬ 
һ˿˿ζĻӭϮ 
ĵ뵽̧ͷߵޱ 
ɭϵĺɫΧǽ뾲߽ȥѶԣֻ˵һ¥ͤĻζ 
֪˼վͤ֪˶ãʹַǱһƬˮ 
ϲˣ 
ҳһת꿴ƽ 
ȫҰĿ򣬽Ὣ 
ɵĽʵ 
ҾȵĿƽʱøѡ 
ġдһ˿ 
꣬֡ҵ͵˵ЦЦ߹ߣʰ׶¡ 
ֱ۱ݺסҲò̧ͷ 
Էϵ䵭ŵЦݴ棬ȴҲҲյϤϢ 
ͻȻϮ侲ƫƫͷ㿪ȥ 
֣ȶˣյĵʲôطΪ񱣬ȴʧ˷ִ硣 
㣬Ǳǲ͸˫ģ 
ſҵ෣Цʵ 
ʹֱۣ޺޵ķʵ 
ǡǿʲôסʥϣ빬ģЦпʼŭ 
ҿԾ쵽Լķͻ䣬ѿ˿ڱ˺һƬǼ 
ߣʥڹפ߽ɻһغͥʲô 
һԺըҧס촽һԡ 
ǺǡЦ˼ȥЦ⡣ 
޻˵˰ɣûĵһ潼ˣ 
仰йʱҵк⡣ 
վҧгݵôˣֻƬֻ̣ûһҺѣֻֻǸ潼ˡ 
ŬĲӿת뿪ⳡ 
վס 
ʲôָʾЩ 
ͥҴͷβҲΪ˲飬ܸøرɣ 
һͷǰһǫǫ˵Ļ 
ôԾͥһ;ͨĽףȴֻǰװ飬ǲ̫ˣ경ƽЦ 
Ҳ˵ƣ㻹λ˫󽫾ָܷ书ʥǱؼ 
вҲ˺ѵߣǱؼүֽеģ֪ʲôô 
ƲƲ죬мʥϵ׵ܵܣʹʲôҲͨڣʥʲôϵܾͶͱͱ̶ˡ 
пʼһб仯Դͷԭǰȥ˻ 
ûзϡ 
ɣҵ 
ô˵ҲȱŪҪõö࣡ѸٻػޱҪôҽȥʥһУҪô 
Ҫôʲôʧȥ˺̸ģҪʲô㲻Ҫ潼𣿡 
裬ʹΨһһѣˮʹգʹԼųȥἣ 
Ŧҹȥۣһ㣬ͬҶһ˿ꡣ 
о׵ÿ£վﵽⶼǾı 
ô𣿡Ц ʵ 
һ̣ļ򴥵˻ȵơ 
ۣϣϣǡ 
ȵĸĦӵûдһů⣬ֻľͷһڲ 
ͷһʹƵͤлʯϣһĶ⣬ҲòŭŤ 
ͥҪ߱ɻ˫Ҳһ䣡 
Ҳջ 
ͥ㣬Ʋңץסҵ˫ƴҡʡ 
ǵģƲ㡣󣬵˱⡣ 
žұʯʣ䵽Ӳʯϣ첲̨ױԵʹá 
ҼҪѣȥͻ˺ʹʶǸôʲô 
ٴεıۡ 
ҡУҷ·𿴼Сʱ԰һѽһȺС׷֣޾ɫĹУһЦͽɻ͵̫ģʮĻӾǣĸϲʨӹҲ뷽跨ĽĸıСȫһգСȻҽϵ͵滭ÿ˶ΪôЩ°ܷˡңĸǴôң˵װ۵Ůһôô 
ĸ۰Ŀ⣬ϸϸҶͷĺ飬ȵҺ۽£ͬȵĴָȥЩˮ顪ĸҾֵۣǰΪƽͬ۰ 
ҴĻӿĸŪʹ޵ĿЦ 
￪ʼ뿪ҵ壬һߵѴұϡ 
ҶЩʲôţĿⲻ׶ҡ 
һֱȥ¡ǿŴվƣ£ѾջôЩҵĹգӽ쿪ʼֻͬţ֮ͬꡣΪüؼвңȰֱȥôԡˡҲٷˡ 
˵ҿ첽뿪⴦̨ͤҲҪҲҪ 




صͥϴԡΪԼͿ˵ҩǿԼߣһ۾ͻῴСʱֺ͸ղŷجΣƬα٣ĳǰ 
㡣ҽлҵˣЩ 
ˣɻĿҡ 
Щץס˺е 
ˣȥΪҽȥ˵ 
´ûվȾ͵ڵϣϵʹһʹķ 
ԾĿңеǰͷ麹ôˣ˭˭㣿 
ҿնĿǰ˵ĸˣ˵£ǳ룬 
£۵СʪĶĸǰһ΢Цţ㽲£յĹ¡ǰѽ 
λð񻰣º͵硣 




ڶ죬ҾȻһȥ糯 
Ϊ࣬ҲԸ˻ 
ֱֱڳ֮ϣƽռݵǸλҲ˺ܶ࣬ȥĲҡ 



ϲƽˮ֣Ҫ߷̣Ŀǰĳֻ͢רעһߣˣĹٺ佫ѪڣϵǸɫأһԲ 



ʲô׵ȵһ̣ʥ϶ҷˡ 
棬ԻΪ׵ĻĿ֮棬ةԶͷİ֪֮˵ӶӶˡ 
΢ɼڱ⣬ūһһôߣĵƾʹģӦʮļƻҾŽŹأȴóξðΪΣֻɳĮڵشɳ죬ӣʱʱϦ䣬ˮԴѰ׹صֻ߳ǣؿһ·СǼϣòڶϵˮ֣͢Ҳֻн߾ٸعԱ˰ˡ 
ǹ˵Ŵʵ飬ⷬǳҵ˽ϽԹɽģұȻҪΪ˼һ֡ 
һɺԣԶةֿǹϵҴأں͢һʱĹԶʤˡ 
һս²͢ĴʾãʱľͲֻϵļˣδȼĲСǰһʱĽȣأةΪأҲòⷬȥ˵ĺ޷ؼǶĴӳ顣 
Զһһʱ 
ԭ꣬ٺ»Ϊϰ֮áûзŹĳĬ϶Ÿ˴ɵĳŵһ 
ãΣɼΣ˵Լ뷨Ƹ˵ʧɾĻǾΥʱˡȻͶһ˿Ŀ⣬ȥֻ˵»ؿǣѰȫ֮ߡ 
ĽѾˮˣ˭óʥϵͼֻʱҪϹһ̨°ˡ 



˳󣬳ةһȥܱߵͬҲǲɫ 
ЩĹԱһ佫ԶԶʾãһ֮ˣžͳ˼һǸݶͣ޴־ӵܣźͻϵݹϵڳӹӹµµ¡ 



ɻֱˬЦݵľֹסһ鴤һӦƵУ֪ΪΣյĺѸ˴ѹ 
ԥʱ򣬸ʿЦݿĳʥҸӵĿ˷ɻһۣתȥ 



¡ 
տǱֲѽֻΪβ֪˴˵ĵͬǽԹ治֮ѽһӳº 
ҽסȭͷͷ 
һ̣򢱻ǿ̧΢ա 
ں˵أǺ⣿ 
Ҿޱ飬ⲻ֪⻹Ǵ 
ŭһ⡣ 
ҵ䵽ϣԼ΢̵ա 
ջ˶עӣص棬һﲻ 
֪㷸ʲôƢʾˣȥɡ 
վŤͷߣǺԼ̲סԵʥϻȭ 






ڰ 
ʱ֣ں԰ĿϦ£㼱ܹʥϼݵ 
ҳӭݣǴδйŭڡ 
߳˸ʿȹˣһץҵ󣬽Ҵᱧ߽Է 
˽ȥһŭֹססţԽɱ⣡ 
źڴϣֱ˺ҵۡ 
ЩŰµĺۼѾɺתˡ 
¶壬ͫ׼˵ͷץ𣬱ŭա 
˵ǱǿȵĻԼȥģ 
Ҷһ£۾ܾش 
˵ѽģſҵȡ 
ȫƿˣ㹻ˣ 
˻㻹Ӷҵ費ⲻһָʹһֲٿص𣿡 
죡һ⣬޴û㣡 
ЦûУûиҶͶͱûи㻹ܾҵͶͱûиҺɻ˽飿ûиǸ˾ɷļˣ 
һҧ޾ûκ㣬Ȼ޵ǰʹ飬˵ʢŭַ֮㣬شЦ㷴Ļ˵㣡 
ԭˣΪĹơ 
ߵĸǰǷգ΢΢ƲǣǵѹӢеʥ΢΢ҲǲԸѽǺǡɣܾѽ 
ⷬò񾭣ҵ񼸺񣬡ɱ㣡 
žƿңϵˡ 
ҲһʣǱŶЦݡ 
ڵģתȥ·Ѿмٿң޻һڽ޵ԭ£Ȼڵſ޸㣡 
Ҳƻصͷʲôвң˫᲻áˣͳͳûС¹ 



£û糯ϳ֣˵ȥ峯µĽ˺ӣԵıգνϳ͡ 
վڳϣһԣһһܱߵأϵ߸̻ңԲӦ䣬ѧϵĿ״̬Щ˫̻ҵġ 
ָ֪ˣ 



˭֪˫ķ粨ø졣 
ɻһӵĸȥ̫̫ߵһŮ٣Ҳӣ޿ҪѰ˾£µУ¼ϲûͻͬļءڰٰ㿽£г֮ͨˡ 
Ӧ뵽˭ˣɻʵľľҡҡͷֽ˵ȥܶ裬Ŀҽ󽫾ˡ 
»ʺȻֻȨڶ 
ҿЦһ֮λ޴ʡ 
ߣôɻΪȻô˵֮ˣ룬⹬˭ֳԽȥģ 
ɻأڹʸ֮ģҪʲô϶㣬᲻ɵأҡ 
һ˿ȻЦӿǣʹûκɣҲƵ 
ҩɾȡɻò̾һ䣬֪˭ 
أҼæʵ 
ڣں󹬾Ұ־֪ˣֵУ̫̫ǱѲڵֵ˵̫̫ðֱ̣ߵ󽫾ܹҪٴأҲûš 
Żһαӣֻ²ð踵Ϊ˫忪ѣ£¶˿ˡ 
ɻҳҲΪ죬Ҫתǣһס 
СӣҪң 
ףΪҪ͹һءɻֱ㲻ңЩ̣ͥˣɰ𡣡 
ﾹɵ뵽Ǹȡľңʲô鲻ͨģֻСһֱˬɰֵΪһʵѹԼ 
ﲻǰûʲôġĩˣһ䣬ްԹ 
٣㻹˵ôЩʲӣҡҺʲôϵѽС͡һʦһŴ˯ġ㾹֣ɻɫתͨ죬йסҵļ磬ֱֱҵѺ۹ί 
֪İΣһæͥ˵ɣôҲǰǸҽὫǰ㣡ҪǷ顣 
ɵϡ˵һסǿļ 
ҪҪɵֵأɤźЦ 
ۿֱᣬ˺֮仹Щͬġ 




ƻĹ̷ǳ򵥣ҽޱȥ˼˫ֱܵɻȥޱѲ飬ݡ 
ƺȴ޷һ¡ 
ץ㽻ϣܣɻͷҡ˹ġ 
ֻȫϴԵɣңԴŹ׷Ǻ棬ȻҪֵ룬ʱ׷Ҳֱˡº͵˵ 
ɻԴһЦˣ¶׵С 
ͥǺô 
ֱֱʹҵۣҰſ˫ֿӣҲ 




糯ͼس̸ʱֱޱ 
ԽŵǲܵģѲ־ͳɻá˳ļ˫ 
þûмˣǾûκһ˿ĻҺ㲣Ϊսˮ 
̧ͥͷĻңһѱסɻȴһߴվסˡ 
߹ȥס֣оǳů˺ıȫȻʧѾﵽˣһο 
һ˿ǹڷ˫ҵա 
˺ܶࡣ˵ 
סһֻ֣뿪 
ȥ˫Ц 
ȥﶼԣ򱱣ϣɳĮ뿪ұסȵľߣŵѪ 
Ҳ뿪˳ҵļ顣˫ġ 
뵽ϣ΢Цţסļ磬䲻ס 
˫ɲʱһͣȴûκƾܵľٶ 
ͷĽһСҩʪĺ 
ҩƷڻεϡ 
ңҩȥƺܿ죬ҽΧǽȥҳЩɻСµ 
ְ˽ŵĽԵļ˫˵Χǽ⣬һԱá 
ɻЩ³Ľ˫˦СĹ˫ڣ۵ĳл˺ѿһλεĽ˳ 
·ʱʱ̿Һ˫ļ˼£ЦЦĽڻչϡ 
ͷɻǶĿ˫ؿڣ۾ɵ԰ 
ͥů㡣ĬĬ 
ʮԺŴϣ͸˫СûмģЩ⣬ҲûʱľֻǼ򵥵Ľ䣬ͼݳɱȥˡ 
ԭܵļƻŽͽƣͨţڹһƧͣ˨һƥõĿ 
ҩЧ͹ȥˣ˫ιһЩˮ˰ޣǵˮ 
ֻҵˣ촽 
רιˮʱ򣬷˱ʣסңͷҲַ߰ҵĿǻ 
һģҧһڡ 
֧Ľë𣬼ʹںڰУ۾Ҳ⡣ 
ʲôʱˣЦҪ΢΢ֵ 
Ҷ˵ˣΪʲôҪӣЦ˵ҽüͷᲹţҪԶģֵñǸ޳֮ͽ 
ʵûк˫ԶĴ㣬ôЩºȥͲ⣬ҲֻǶĹкھˡ 
˳ĬԶԵʱ˫סҵ֡ 
ԶдĶ 
ȴʲô 
˫Ĺȫָˣ 
˫ЦĿҵϲûУָɣҪȫָҲܵģҵû˻ѽ 
ɣҲ㹻뿪ˡĵס 
ԶܿԼĳ˫סңɱ 
ĻƻУҽס˫ؿڣȴԽԽ죬ߵ·ƽ 
ٿˡ˫ڶߵƥ״̬̫á 
ƥûǰιˮݣݶٵԵʣҰԸе 
ʱѿ۵Ӱǵ 
ûţ׷Ҳҵѣֻƶѡ˵ 
ɻ˫˼¶ȡ 
Ȼ֪˫Ͻ˵Ķݡ 
ķΧУǾߴ·ǰ涸Ȼֺ޳·һȺɽ 
໡˻һͣ˲ӡ 
˲ʱ䣬׷Ŀ֣΢΢īȾɫУҿƵġ 
Ҿ 
Ҳû뵽ǰױԳ 



ֻʣ²׵ľ룬㿪ʼ䣬ķչƫǾĵļƻɻΪ׷ıǵľ֮ 
ϣͻȻ˫ʵԷվ˫󷽵ȭǸ 
ޱ飬ɨϵĿС 
飬ô࣬󾹱ͼһʹǧΡ 



ԳǺܴġ˫º͡ 
СڽְܹǰͻԼʱ˫жȥɣӦþʱˡ϶С˵Ķֻͼرˡ˫ŻӦЩɫ 



ӥ΢УĿ˫һۣĿתϡ 
ұܵĽ峷˫Ļ 
ǣӦûʲôԼǰɣߡƽ˵ 
˫ȴҵյøˡ 
ϣҲ˴ǹ١˵ȴϡ 
Ȼԣ㴥ȣҪس㡣 




һʱ䣬ĬһƬ 
ˣƲŹǡ 
ǡһ£ĸǱƽ 
ۺʱҡ˫ڶһ̵⽣Ӱһ˹ 
˫һֽһأһֳֽһġ 
סס˫Ҷ֡ 
˫ʹѩĽͺżֵ˫ĹָЩңһʱȻϷ硣 
Ƭ̺书һ˽Ĭֱɨҵ˫аĶǹҵİΣָɣƽſʼҡ 
סΪأһϬĻصָľżҡ 
˫ͷĺϣ֪ѾǿӦˡ 
ۿһ֧ѩķкҵؿڣұۣһʲôڿհס 
 
ۣѴڵʮ׿⣬һ׳ıӰǰ档 
ɻΥ췴ߵ־ܶͳȵ 



ϣɻȭ£ͥıףﳼŹ 
ߡЦһʾⲿס֣Էת˫ûбĶһ˵ 
˫ô޺⣬Ϊֵã 
ȫס˫ֽɿǸѹӢĻƻ裬ǸͤҹЩԶùĽףɥʧϺĳѪɺ˿ڣҪǰһɡ 
ҿЩζЩͻȻԼɺͺͿĿѾα¶Ϊֱȫ塣 
˫ɵЦЦ˫˵һûѾǸ¥ϾĺͥˡҡҺȾȣǳԸҲףӿʼֻһˣ֪ǲѾˡ 
ǿסᣬҲ˴Σȥա 
˫ûٿңֻǷ˶Ӫ 
ߵúÿһ·ԥͲ̣ÿһ·ҵϣˮ޷ԿصĹһȵȻⷬѾûģʵǲóҵĳ޶ȡ 
УҺƿЦݡ 
Уҡƿ˫˫ůס 
һɲǼ䣬˫䲻һƬ𾪺ͻУչѳˮһ̵ƥϣƬ̼䣬׿⡣ 
ϣ 
ϣûʲôɡ 
һƬңͻȻһϤ޹ 
˫Ҿٶȵתͷ 
ֻͷ⵽һ˲ʱԡ 
˵뼡ǡ 
ҧָϼͷһʪɵö룬ڼͣפȻذȦſһ˻Уٴα 
ͥһĺɳֱ׷ſӰ 
һ˿ЦⲻҵĴߣСӣһѣллһ̡ 




ھ 
һҹԣĴʹ˺ڼеһҶϣµţðȡ 
ԺУڷ𽹬ϣһص˯ģȼյĻ棬ı̳ˮŨīزʣһϮۣ˼ţ˼ʲôǳɻ󣬶ˣΪʲôΪʲôĻ죬Ϊʲô 
ѪʺѪ˳ųػضµ̨ףһεΣģصģȾͷ̽ѯѪԴһ˫ס˫ۣͥĸĻҪ 
ĸĸ˷ܵһУϤĻĸ㻹ţ̫ˣ㻹š 
ĸһֿնİףڳˮнȥ 
ĸҪҪͥҪþȫţȪӿ 
ĸʱʱԶֻû˫ޣȻüȥץоȻץýʵʵ΢ƣʵޱȣ˫ĸˣҪˣֻʣˡ 
˫ֻ΢΢Цһľżߣ˵ĮȻԲ𣬶Բ𣬡˫Բ𡣡 
˵ͻȻ˫һҧ͵һƻҵļͷ̹ǵʹʧ 
 
ͥʹɣ 
ۣ۵⣬ѹһƬС 
ϴʹɡ 
˫ü 
ͥңʹɣ 
ҿеĲмƴ뼷һ˿΢Цĩˣֻҡͷ 
˫Сĵ˿Щҩۣ˺۵һߣΧżͷ 
Ҫɱ㡣ȻҪɱ㡣ʧ˵ȴסͷ 
ͥ̾һ뻳þõǿġ 
һɲǣͻȻ֪Ŀɱ˫ԶҲ޷õ 
Ӧңκʱ򶼲Ҫð֮˺Լ˫סȻ 
ҲӦңκʱ򶼲ΪϲһСҸҵĴޣҲá 
仰赭дĵҳ˫㺣ں󣬲ЩȣԼСŮ̬ҧҧĴӣЦԷ 
˫۾κʱҪҫ۵⴩ϡҶֱ䵽УһĿѣ 
ϷĴӡ£ұۣܣ̽ȷǳǣٺľϲͼиӷͳ硣 
˫ɬ嶯Сĵпɬ۰ϧ޷鶯һĻӦţϴˢԼڵƺ衣 
֮ʱѵҵľߣͷͻȻһʹҲ 
˫뿪ҵĴ 
ЦЦǿʹǸˣߵҺˣң𣿡 
˫Цĵͷᱧң˿СδǣҩܼЧڴȥһطϵʹ̡ 
£Ҫ뿪һ̶ҪҵҼᶨ˵ 
ãߡ˫ңԾ˷ɳ 




ȻҼֿЩ뿪˫˵ҵļЪЪ˺üʱ 
ʵΣܣҵûɿֹ 
˫˽һͥԺ 
ѩɽɵһֶԺֻҺͼҪ֪ϧǶϴһȥǻԺˣֻһäסڸСéţϵҵڿȥתˣһʧġ˫⼣쵵Ĵҿ˽ 
 
 
Ĳݷ賤ͥԺתһЦﲻ󣬺ܺʰоԺȲֻǺֻһ˯ͬһ𣿡 
˫죬γ佣һ󽣻ֻľ裬Ӱͣ£ʣһ̣ǰһСĲݱ롣 
Ȼ⣬´˫޳ü¶һЦ߽סҵ֡ 



˫Ϥ£ҵ˿ںõúܿ죬Ϊй¶ۼǼ㲻ʳͼҾƷһ϶мä˼ԣ˫˵ܻѩɽɵʦԸЩ񱣬жϣֻǴδʹ书 
˽´жޱȣӦˡ 
˫ͻȻȥ̽ҾԺɨأߵ֣߰ͻƵĿڵúЪŰɣѣм 
ʲôֻһƤˣ˿ڼȫȬˣ˵磿Ц 
һ˫Ұ׵ңת߿ز֮ˣṦľ֡Ϣ 
Цȥ£֪޷Ų֡ 
һ֮£亹£ѹֽ룬豭óޱȣʱ̿ѵ֧Եʣ 



³ʱ֣˫ˣŸɴңҲ˼ȥǱ߿˻ 
ǣֻͨĻˣԺҿԽǴ̽ˡҰŲ˵Ц 
˫ޱȣô֪ 
һǣֻһ涷ңǣҶס˻ˣ˾ŷ֣֧ѾűȡķƣڣͥԣֻǸˡ 
˫Ѫǲܽٶת⡣ 
ҲûԣڼĶѪܾͻʧЧ𣿡˫ʵ 
ЦѪʵԷᵭѡ綾ȻῼǵأԸҪñأ־顣 
ͥɫܲǲ˿𣿡˫߹Ҫ⿪ҵ½ 
һס 
ȫˣ첻Ϳ𣿡 
˫ڨڨջ֣ɫ졣 
һ§סֻŻʹǡ 
ĴὫ˴忿øջĴϢ˫Ӳ忪ʼ 
ǵôᵽأǵǵذ 
ĺ쵽¸ļӲܵĦϧȷǴӵɬӦݱ֮ʣ֪֡ 
Ǻͷ´Щʲôҵȥ̶Լġ 
ʱڣСѩ⣬ǳĹůůĿϣǵѽѷ֣วĦű˴ļ 
Ŷ¸ĥǣİһĿгеĻ 
̲סһδйǿҿҲ˳ 
ҽסԷɬ޵ݣ 
˫ҸˣֱֱıȻӲӲĵҵСϡ 
ĴƵǹ⻬Ưıϣ¸Ħ 
˫͵Ľë΢΢ز촽΢շۺңԸޱȡ 
⸱ܵģҵģ۵ĸоƴĵӿٴĴһ§סĲӣһֵļС 
е߲Ǵţζŵ˫ֽβͻȻ뵽˴ǰǿȺ裬ͻȻԼĲ࣬ͷһѾƿȵĶԷ 
˫ЩȵĿңתΪѿ 
Ҳһᣬ˰˾ǰȴý 
ԼжӣҪźţǳǳһЦ§ס˫ľЩӲǰ 
롣㡣ҡǵͲŵĶҿ˷߳ܣʾĽС̧ŶԷǿӲı 
ҡ˫ҲൽһߵĿӱܵ۾ 
󡣡 



ҧҧҺ۽ǻ䣬氮ӼᶨҪ㣬ҵ塣 



һ䣬ӭ籩ǡ 
һУһУҪڻһ㣬ûһ˿ǿûһ˿һжɽĻȡʧ 
˫ʱʹץסֱָۣΪһͣ˿ıסı 
ҪͣҪ㣬Ҫ㡣Ҵſʵĺ 
ȵͷȥҵˮҺĴҾã˳ʹ衣 
ʹУͥпʼеһĪĴ̼˵ʹ𻨾Ĳҷҿʼֹסĵ 
˫ҡ 
ҵ˫ȲΧ͵ԽԽ 
һҵĳУ˫͵ͻͥ 
ҲеȻҶٴ˰ǵҺ塣 




۵ĸоʱͣͣӵŶԷſеϣҲ𴽽ǣסʪĲӣƣı˫ۡ 
˫Һۡ 
ǡϢɡ 
㱧ҡ 
ұ㡣 
˫Сҡÿġ 




ҹʮ֣Ҵ˯ŵ˵ƻɻص˫ߣḧ˯ݣָȲëδʵǻ 
Ϥüۣ񹤵ͦ٣װѣĸ˿Զջ޶ãУһݳ⣬򸴺ҵĽƽΨһĲʺǣΪʲôٶһЩҸദʱ䡣 
ţƱץס 
ӳŵĵĽɫ磬ʹʮ֡ 
˯ţʵ 
Ӿȥȥһÿԣ㻳˯ԡЩȱķܣ˵ɾµǰͰǰȻЦˡ 
ֻҪһ𣬾Ϳԡ˫ҵıǣᶨ˵ 
һ𣬾ͿԡҲͷԺڣϣҵģҵģ˭Ҳ᲻ߣ 
˭Ҳ᲻ߡ 




ҹ˫֮һĤҲȻ޴ˣоϣǰˣˣҵһУÿÿãһһϤۡ 



ע⵽ҵ˫ҹֻᱧңȴҰٰĲգ˶ڴϡ 
˯ȥһСỮһ˿ڣһ 
ϸϸѪ˿ɢ䣬˿ϵѪȣдſɬһ˿Ѿȫˣǳɫ˫˯е˵˺ۣлл㡣 
󡪡ŷϬһ֧ìҹļž 
ҷӦ֮ǰ˫һԾ𣬰¶봰겵ìͷìϲһš 
ʲôʵ 
Żûʲô˫ЦЦǰһֿѣ֪ҵ٣ʺһ¡ 
ʺʽͲˡҵ٩ 
˾ǹصúܣԼȥһ￪ּء˽һҲء˫ 
Ҫһȥ𣿡 
⡣̫ˣϢɣءҡ 
ʲô 
ң㣡˫˵Цġ 
ôҰ§ýģĴҡ㡣 
ѽһϣúõĹԹԵ˯ 
 




ʱ˫ȻˣϤϤ˶ҡ 
ǲҪɴġ 
һƬ˹ȥ 



ҶŨܵĿ֦ľУ˫ʮ 
˫ֱվеһСƬյϣɴ󲻼ףվǸ˾ڡ 
һҲҵˡ 
ɻ 
˾վʮ˫ıСһ䡣 
ҷ˺ܴҵǣǶ֪ɻĿ˿ڡ 
Ŀģ˫ɫ 
ߣ 
У˫̵Ļشתߡ 
ɻĻס 
ĿС·ѩȥɡ 
˫ûлȭͷѾ 
·ѩ 
ԣ·ѩһҩʥӳΪᣬõҩж߳һ£ʮ죬ƽ˯ȥҩɽ⡣ҿͥ壬֧Ŷʮ죬ʱ䡣ɻ򶨵˵ﴩĿڻȻͻȻĳ 
·ѩ꣬ϴδֻ񻰰Ĵţʹ֪䡣˫Ļһ˿ 
ҲûмǻʹǻϣʲôĶûСɻȻ 
ࡣ˫Ц 
ֻ϶ѡԡн֮ⷽǰܲݻ̫ټң˵ֻܻͥͿȷİȫɻ˶٣ͻȻ˵ת 
ȥС˫˲ӡ 
ͥһ˹¶ȥ㾡ȥɡɻ޺޵Ũüһš 
˫תڵŭΣŶԷ 
Ϊ㣬ͥҲ䵽زǻ޵ˣΪҩ𡣡ɻ첽ߵǰһץ˫½󣬡ӻʹǿĿߡȥȻѵ˵ 
˫ζԷţĮȻ 
֣˵ 
ɻһȭ˫ؿڣ˫޻Ȼ˼ҹ䵽һߣ֧һȰһս佣һȥ߻Ѫ 
ڹָ٣ ĵƱزСӵĶ֡ 
һʱ鼱ܳ˹ľ嵽˫ߡ 
ˣ̧ͷһɻǺοࣿ 
˫΢Ц˵ߣ 
˫ȴһңоʹࡣ 
˵Ķԡȥɡ 
̺󣬾˵ 
ɵϡ˵ţ黬䡣 
Ҫɱң㣬ҩġ˫ȥҵ飬ȻֻҪһϣϣǶҪȡ 
Щ龰ǰֵģɵģӡġ 
ûֻϣһжпܡ 
ǣӦңҡҧ촽ס˫͵˵һ 
һ㡣 
䣬˫뿪ͷҲصǰȥǵʧڲӰС 



ҴĿıӰĪĿֻţס˵һȥģ㲻ߡ 
һ£ңٴν纣ϻʹ 
ǻȥɡɻ 
ҵͷǻȥɡ 






ʮ 
ؾǵ·ϣɫѹֵƿʼܼʼƣȴʼú䣬˽ɻֹסĶ£ɻֻвǿһЩǿ֧ţ˵Һ˫Σ˵˫ˣ㵽ͥˣ˵С˫£˵ 
Ҳѵ۾ĳǽķܣľ 



ĺ㣬Ȼе 
ޱϣԹݵ˵ 



ﳼϴ·ѩĽҩ 
ԣֻҪü˫޵ǰӻӳ䣬һ 
Σܵõ𣿡 
ҵȻµֻʵʵ˵ 



䣬Ľ˲ϣֽȺŻϵĺ 
㣬õʲôʵ 
̧ͷŶգ΢Цһжҡ 



ǺǡЦͥʲôǲأЦѩĺ⡣ 
һŽϥ¡ 
Ȼĸ壺ơ 
ĸĶ޳ܵĻȥ 
ĸҸƣů˳ƺɲǼ䣬ĸЦȰĿ⣬ĸĦ糱ˮӿģίҲһ̵Һۿ 



ϲˣߣû뵽ɣĸ󻹹㡣УĹ⡣ 
ҿʼףСҵ񲢲ǳʦˡ 
Уĸҵ۰ԱԶԶʤԼӣ˭Ǽĸ磬Զݵ̫ӵء 




ͥ޵鷿̧ȥ 
Ƭ̳ĬһɵĿɻһС 
ˣȥɣҪͽҩء¹Цһѡ 
ֻȥĺľȻ 




¹ȡһֻɵŶСĵϰ뱭ˮϣȻˣĺš 



Щ˵Ľš 
һҩˮУƻصŵ롣 
ǹ͢ƣǰҲȹۣζɨҵľǵøɻ칦Ǹ޵޹Ӧüǵζ 
յľԺɻıףҵʧ̬˫ľУıӺ𣬡ѧʿ޿Ҳʥʫ㲻ܽһ㣬ڴ֮ͥ¾͡ 
Żԭ 



޸ոս·ѩĽҩھУǣȻͬʱҲᡣ 
δ䣬ǰȥҩһ 



ߣôˣԣǹ߶ѡζЦٴλصƽϡ 



ֻǲ֨ƶŻԭţоһӿ飬ĸоࡣ 



źóأݺȫ 
תķ粻ĴϣãȻ޴Ŀǰ 



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ʲôʱЦţңô죬ҺΪֵ࣬ﺬźôһỨټȥʱӿʱˡ 



٣ˣΪֻСأ곤ǵһǹͲˤϣм˻ʵһģȥ㳭־أ 



ҴĿ˸߲ҵȥỹûסĿ 
˺ˣ˻ǿ׽𣬿㡪εĻùյĴ֣۹⡣ 



Ѿߵĸǰ 
̧ͷĿŷɺһ̣סȥǷİĮָͯʱС 



Ҫ𣿡ջ 
ɲʱҵ˷Ӧ󱻵ȼıһʰȶű 



ǰӰξȴɥʧ꣬ţ˺ɺתů 
һʵ˵ 
Ҳ֪еôˡ͵͵ĻӦҲʮ֡ 



ҪץסʲôԷھϷᱡʱֱ̧ԥ£Ȼĩε˺ۡǳǳǳǳ 
ĽСݣ˴̻¶ĵ黳˫ 
˫ỽƿϵˣⳡ 



ԷʼѩֱֱȼյҰļϡ 
򢱻ץסʹᡣ 



ǶƬ̣սȭͷ´ 
ɻ 



һᣬһӰ˽ 



㲻һֱϲⴲϣҲҪˣްø㣡ָң򶨵˵ 



²壬ҲǻȣããȻɻɫ߹ 
ҲߣȥȫģҶԣǰֻһˣԸҴ延ˡ 
Ҳ֪ЦˣֹסĲӡ 
ŴءҶ 
ҡҧҧ´ΰš 
ܴ󣬺ȥ𣿡 
ûҷӦͱɻᱧ𣬷ɱĿŶͥԺ 



ž 
صĵԺҵ쾮 
ӲʯҲһУȶ㻩ܵϡ 



һ̣¯Ҵûܹô꣬ꡣ 



Ŭվȴһһεˤص棬ˮʪҵͷģҵߣȴҵͷԡ 



ɻ㣿Ų׷׿˹¹ 



ϣѵͥˮõĽҩɻЦӭ 
ɫ 



ãɻ޹Ŀ࿴ΪŻӡЦתԸ¹ͺغͥﳼּ֮䣬ûҵһ 



Ҵͷ 
ұ㣬غͥɻ̾˿±߻˻ȡ 



ڸɾĴϷƵңӹ͸ʪķˡ 



Сӣߡסů֡ 
ߣҡҺú¡ 



ǰĸߴֱֱסҵĻҡ 
˫峺Ĵ·𿴵Լۻ࣬¶ 



ٴεͷ 



룬ǰˣº͵Цˡ 
һӴ΢ɫĲȡ 
Ҵסˡ 



ͥů㡣 
һģһ 



˫˵ңôˣĶң˲伤ץסɻ 



ûСʲôԷֻо㵡 
ƭˣģģҺۣҧгݡ 



Ż֪ҲһӣȷҵģӦ˵Ҹ׵ġʦǰҡ˵Ǵǵѵͥů㡱ɻԥһ̣ҵɣϲҲңⱾĸڽƷˡ 



ɿ֣һƬҡ 



Ҳ֪˫ôСһȻû˵ ȴ֪ΪҪˣܣҲǸŮˡԣҾԲ˺˫ġɻ˲ޣִŵΣܣѪԵϵء 



͸㣬ϣ㲻Ҫٸеµ 
ҶĽӹ˷ɻеĽϽݣʵڶʮǰڳ͢ϣʲôְأ 
׵ʱûдα顣ɻش 



ʱѾɥʧ 



ᷢȵģȡҽЩҩɻҵĶͷ 
ܿˮޣҷɿ½ 
ĴҲãӰɡУҩҲˣһȥȡġҺۣҪϢˡҵӲֵ΢š 



ɻҲᵽҵζε֣վǣȥɣúϢͣƬ̣뿪ˡ 



㣡㣡ڼžʧĴ 






ʮһ 
ˣ˰ɣҩϢɡ 
㽫ҩ˴ǰֻŸӻĶʣ㣬˵Һɻ𣿡 
϶ˣôô¡۾ͦģԲԲоŻô˵ġ 
֪û˻뵽Ȼֵܰɡ 
ˡ 
Һˣһ˾һ 
ǡҳȥˡ 



ˡ 
ҲҩѾЩȡʱξⳡвͻȻĻŵܡ 



ףңԶһƺС˵ԼûιˡֻǣҪǿԸ˼̽ˣϾǲʵĳ 



ĸĴĸ黳ֲͯ޸Ĵ󲿷ӰңߵĻҲ¼ʵģηԶʤ飬ʹҲμ׾ 



һ죬Լ˸Ķ 
еʵôҽϸϲпᣬĮңԼֵܣͶ͡ 
 
ţǣǲġ 
Ц˵Լ̫ǿ 



ҵţоѡ 



崡ԼƳԶԶ 
ʱžſڸջһ㣬ʹ 
̧ͷŨڵҩ֭ȥãϣһ졣 



ȥӼģԶؿڣܷǷ 
㡣Ľкȴһѽ˻ơ 



ͨ䵽ľϣǺʹ 



֧ѽſˡ 



㡣֣ͷȻ©һ¡ 
ҹеĵЮĺ 
³סҵͷһѽӻشϡ 
ˮ 



Ũüùˮޣסҵ͵Ĺȥ 
ȿȡұǺüϢеˮޡ 
һ˿ǳЦӹӿңˮÿȥˡ 



ôǣޣȥߵˮա 
֡ 



ﳼ֪ 
žˮޡ 
ֻϧĿžĸڵذ翪 



˵ûô飬ҹĸ˲ˮ򢱻ס 
ҡʹ֪Ҳǲ˵ġֻ԰ĵĿסԷı塣 



ˣʲôö㶼ǲϷŹġСĻֺˣܲݻ̫վΪ飬Ȼ֪Щҧ˵һֱ㣬ȥĸʹȥֵǵѰ㣬ΪʲôϷŹ㣬֪жôϲں 



ĺ⣬ҳȥôЩģСںǸ˺γʧأ 
Ȼ󣬿ɲԷŹҡ 
ҵĻﱻһϬĶϡ 
ԣ񼸺Ǵ̵ˣһһ䣬޻ء 



㰮Ҳ㡣ĬƬ̺󣬶ԷƵ 
ͷĬϡ 



ãޡͺúһ£ǵİ顣ӢΰϸӵЦ⡣ 



һ̣쵽ҵʡ 
һûзӦʱȼ˴Ƶϡ 



ذڶԷڸ𽥷֣ 
ֱӶĸĦʹ谭ҷ˷ܵĴϢ 
ĲţпвλСܿ죬һƬհ֭Һ 



ů廹ڻζʱʼһֵ 



ĵΪҿ½˱ҵĲӣǣţֱСֲڵĸǹеĻ䡣 
ٴηʱкҺ壬ҵ塣 



ֻǵĸоȻûʹС 
ڲЩԣһĦǸ˷Ĵ̼ 



ĳĿУץס˴ҧס´һ̣һУıŷߡ 
еĳȻͻȻͣ 



жʱ鲻ãȻ۾ˮĿϷʩߡ˫ȲԾýǿƵø 



ҲЩʹϵİȻŪĺ 
ſڣȴ 
ĺ밧󣬵Ǹ衣 
ʹ࣬尾޷һ̵١˾УȻһҧŵľϡ 
û뵽ӼˣҲҧˣһ⿪ңȻҲҵӡ 



ϵѹʱһգҴԼ˿ڣѼ˺졣 
ҧޣŵĴѽЦ˵ɾתݡ 
ϧĺޣҺͥǸҰ֣Ⱳӿ޷ۼˡ˵ŶԷΪҲǿġ 
ߣܶûô򵥣޺ú÷Ҳһġ 
˵ֻ꣬صߡ 



˵ղŻζȴֻʣ˱Űĥ 



˺ҵ·ץҵͷһѽҵ˴ϡֻסȱſβճҺشɭĲ 
ʼˣȴ˿ǻҵǴԡ 
ʹȫ˿У⣬ֻǣһ˶һս 
µǣҲŹҵǰˣڳһֻӵİͦٽסһֱ֣ʲô䲻ˡ 
ܸеǰ˵ʹٴʱҰסˡ֡ 



㡣ҪˡʲôԣҡܲˡҰģһС 
ǣ㻹𣿡 
 
𣿡 
 
˵ 
ҲûС 
ãǣ 
 
ûɣ 
Ҫ 
ǾͿ˵ 
ҡ֪ 



ޣš Ҳ˾⡣ 
ģҡ֪Ҽ˻ˣͥǰ˵Ĵ̼־ 
ġġϡ硪ҡġǡ㡣ס޳ 



ɶֹͣˡ 
ҽƣĵ˴ϡ 



ܣҵ壬Ѫ۾·Ҫһ㡣 
㲻䣡ƭˣ㡪ÿ˶˵ģ𣿣ҵҡҵļ 
΢Цˡ 
硣ġð㣡ӺܾãܾǰʱǶʶ˫ 



޲ţ˴Ӷ׵ܵӰˡ 



ѵı۾Ŀڵʯͷ·࣬ڻʹͼƣУʶʧһйξ 




峿ʱұߵĶˡ 
ڴ£šʪʪĽ¶塣 
΢ץסϵС֡ 
ûʲôˣū澰ܶġ͡ 
Һɿ֡ 
㷴û˶ͻȻһҺ䵽ҵļϡ 
ôˡŵϾһŮͬԼǺҵ顣 
ûʲôū澣ĺöԲֹͨһ˫Ŀū澲֪ôأūȴ졣 
㣬һѹҴû㵱ū澣ֻǡһߣѡĻ 
Ҳ˵ˣȴԾʧ̬Ƭ̣ǿһЦݣúϢеҩ࣬͵͵ҪģŴͷˣū澳ȥˣʲôҪͺСۣĻ¹٣ȥū澡 



ǿҲЦһ 



źҧΪԼ壬ٺ۲Ҳ̶ãӡһʾҵ裬شʹɵҩ൹ģаΣϾͿˣ 
һˣڵȣҡ 






ʮ 
ܲݻ̫̽ҵʱʼƮѩҵ˺õ߰˰ˣֻĴڷ 
ͥſˣҲŻæ϶ϵ쾮 



ˣͥոս涾廹أˣô캮ضġ̫°㱣ѵϹǳЦҵ֣ 



̫ľ֮СΪֻڴ˿ͷлˡ֣صĹ 
ˣҪ˵ĸǰиڰҵΣǿСĽ飬ҲǰҼڵѽ̫ضׯϸֳһ˿Ȱ 
΢Цţ֣һǲ뿪ڣǻ̫ΨһӣԶڽϸ˺ӵĿʹһ˵Щʲôأ 
ĸиʱûֻ԰ʵ 
˵ϣΨһĵģͥҵʱԾأеĵλʤ̫ˡǺǡ 
ЦЦʱӿĪĲǷĸ̫̫ˡ 
ϣǷǳںֵģңһԾǻмӣ롪ҰοĻ̫һƴˡ 
Щҵǲĵģֻͥǡô˵أ㻹̫ˣȰһ䣬ǧҪԳ̬ȥӴʥϵ⣬վɽĶ壬ܶ飬ǷǳģҲ̫šˣҲˣһǸ͸ĺӡúϢɣƽϵģֻҪԺ㰲ַ֣ΪҶѡˣϢˡҲˡ 
ܲݻ̫˵֣ 



Ҵͻ̫ŶԹĸױȸ߰ͭ룬͹ĸһŪһѣһӵ˯ 
ص𽹬 



㡣 
ūڡ 
ȥϣ˵ȥ𽹬 
ǡ 




һյĹ˻ػ 
ū澺ͳ¹˵ˣ˵˵ʲôҪȥޱ󣬻ϻ˵֨֨ 
ʲô 
ϻ˵ûʵʵĴҪ 
վֹĴ 
ɡ 
ҪȥѩˣɫҲˡ 
ȥɣޱ󲢲Զء 



ɡġ͡£ޱ󣬲ĳأ̫ҲԵĻ䣬ҪҲȱԹ 



¹ӭ˳ 
ˣڵԵƬ̣ء 



ҲҲȥˣֻһѩĵ 



ʱڣɫ˵ͰʱȥˣѩˣȴûκλӦֻǸϷŪҵдʣ¯ͨĳעϵڷѩаء 



Ҷ۰ϵѩ׼ȥͻһӰӰٳ߿Ļϴ 



˵ĵۣɽ룬ߵɻҲϳ 
ɵšڹС 
߾Ȼǳ¹һ๬ 



ͣһĸ˺档 



ԶԶȥ˴ҴҵĴһСػصޱɽ԰ 
ɫ۵ 



Ҷһѩ׵ۣòһװعĹľ棬СøһЩϣǵ̸ 



 
Ȼƭޣǳá 
С˲ңʱȷѾȫϳ书ֻǣ 
ֻʲôһϵ˿ڰͻָ书ɣ̫Ūˣ 
ϣϣƶаԣúϡ 
ˣҪٿͷˣ˵ 
Сˡҡ 
û˵ѣʲôң 
⡣ССˡʥӢС¼˫书ʧˣ飿 
ôͣǻųǰˣذΧߵѽ 
Ҳȫûܵġ 
Ż 
ϣС˲Ҵһڿʿܵġ 
 
Сֻ˼˫徭ɲûֽŽǲзɣۻ϶õĸҩ 
˼Ϳлָˡ 
ȻǣŻˡӦ˵ȫǡ 
˵ȥ 
˫ѩɽһţ鶯С˵˼ǣڹǵǷ켫ҪǽΪϡʹˣҲȬʰҲͨڹںϵˣָ֣ôضϰ˼ϳ˵ڹķ˰°빦֮ЧСֻ֪˵Ѩֻش󷨺һʧڹķ顶񹦡档ŵ죬ӽܴѧǰһգϺܶǰ۵üô 
ô˫ĻǱ񹦡ˣƽõǸȻصԵЦݡ 
ҲǣңС˵Ȿؼɻɽ͵ˡ 
͵޵УϾ͸֮һˡ 
ǡ 
յǱؼ 
С˲ԡ 
ˣˡ 
С˻һҪ 
˵ 
񹦹Ȼ˵ãҲϾڹķʹָͨԪҲҪûʱ⣬ָܻ书ʮ֮һ˫ôѸپͻָֻ̰࣬ðΣķ˹࣬һʱ߻ħΣգ˵ؼҲǻѽ 
 
ֹüֻҪҪ˵ 
޻ûҵûСֹ˵Լ 
ϵʰ֮Сס 
ÿ˶޶ġ⡣Լ 
Ǻǡƶһʵ֮ 
 
 
һ亹ںĹҲģֻĿտյãȻֻһͷĻ˫ѵעĿǣ˵Ķ 




֪ʧǵĻصͥ 
˼룬Ψһܰҵֻɻ 
ҹ˽ʵͺš 
ǣֻ֪ͨˣ֪ںδɻüͷıߡ 
һһҵġҵ͵ȴᶨ˵ 
Ϊʲôɻ΢Цɫ䣬ֿӦеȥ֪ͨģõġ 
վ˴˵ľ룬߽ҹƣСӣҡʵûʲôԱġ 
ûıֻ֪㲻ĵӣʹ͵͵ɬ 
лл 
ǣҹˣЩϢɡ 
֨һ졣 
Сӣתԡ 
 
Ǵ۾ģԼ۾һǵͷллԲ𡣡 
 
֨һˡ 
㣿 
ŻңҸոͲ 
úչ 
ǡ 




µļ죬ҵ޷ûжҵĵãߵʲôҿϵڷ﹩Ըڹ¶Сռֻҹʥǰһһظƽľġ 



Ҳ֪ǵڼȼˣôҲ޷ȼ㣬ѵ˳ƺͲǰʺݵ 



Ұ˼ݣӭ˳ȥ 



󣬳ϡ΢Цţ޵ޢմŲˮںľϻš 
˵Ǹ˫Ҫãһ빬 
 
˵Ϊ˫˵ģ 
 
˵˫ϲֻУͥ㣿 
ʺ󡣡ʲôҪ˵𣿡 
ϡ̧ͷˮ۾ңߵ΢Ц޺ 
˵˫ 
飡ͻȻվײ˼ϵĲ豭ƵҺ磬ϡҲһйΪá 



ҶҲ˲ʧˣֻûץסˡ 
ô֪Щģ˭˭ģڣôˣ 
ϡǲȥ˹ŮǱЦݡ 
ǰȥˣ־أΪֻôɡ 



ʮ 



ϡǲȥ˹ŮǱЦݡ 
ǰȥˣ־أΪֻôɡ 
ΪʲôҪң 
ϣ 
Ŀ⿪ʼصϡ 
ˣҲҪԼľϡЦøˡ 
ȥ 
ȥ 




ʱ򣬻ʺȨƵ֣ϡΪұǧ֮Ժ͡뿪͢Ļᡣ 



ϵţȴֵĽУãĻԭµ꣬׷״Ӷߵ˹ȥϣκХóûյ㣬ͣ͡׷Ѱעģ˵ģŵģŵģ޷ѵģĸԸġܣǺڰеϣȴҹļлӰһ 



ܹҪġ 



ǣƬȶСͥԺǰ 
еľװȫĽʿǲĥǹƻСԺ͵Ƴϡ 



ҴĿţ֪ǰ 
ⲻǺ𣿿ȥʥϣһͷӧͭ׳γǰ 
ѹ־ܶͳ֣ 



ôϢҲͨ𡣡۽ѥ⵽˸ǰ 



ҵĴͣ쵽ϣһ·϶ûЪɣ϶ 
žҷĻӿǡ 
һΧ˹ 
Լһ 
¡ 
ǡ 
Цһģ𣿡 
лϣﳼ䡣ҵ 
ʥϽݣҹ캮¹ͻĲ廰 
΢΢ףתݡ 
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žҵӹߣӦϰ̣һƿ϶ʵʵĹεϡ 
ץסε֣ĸǰ 
㲻ǰôôģŲм͵Ц 



һɻգİȫȻǸЦɱͳ 
˫أջʵ 
޻ҪҪأеľ£¹ڵ˲ˮ 



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ѽԳǣ˽ͨ͢շ泼Ѻһ 
Ŷ룬Ѻ廨ɻ 
СӡҾŵĿһ޺۵ 
ңûʲôǶû˫ġɻһ޴ϡ 
ס֣һǰס󣬡ôҲǵĸͳ˽أ 



ˣ㷴˲ɣʥǰɣ¹ϸ߿ɤ 



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¹֪ģԼֵܣʧ̬Ҳ֮顣 
ĺһ仰Һͷɻͬʱ 
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֪˫֪Сӿҵֵܣ֪ʲôӺǰʼ֪˫ںͥˣ֪˫Ľס 
Ǵλع󣬾ͰںͥߡڶֻǴ˫˵ķҺѾūͣڣΪΣ 
ɻ𾪵˫ѾתƵҵϣɣʹ࣬һ־壬ǳصľĿеͷ 
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ͥɻһ˻ƵĵͽУһֻ˵Сޡ 
ʹǰȥùɻϵ˺ۣװɵӣСҡֵܣ𣿡 
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ˣɻҪúøлֵž۵ĿѽѺȥĳʾ⡣ 



ɻͷӡ 
ջͣڰյ֣ҡ 



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ŴЩǿĹޱȼȡ 



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ӦǳӺͻǿĵĽյȭƣȴޱȵĳţ˭֪ǻ߽ﳼľϯ˭Ӵ˿뷨˭Ҳڡ 
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ᰴסĿڣľƽö࣬ΣֻڽҹϸȽ컹㹧 




λʿЦݵǰƬ̺صΪ׼һ⣬˵һʢеĽĿ貢ïɣ裡ٶһɣ 




һ䣬ĹĵһθýŮŶװ߽˵á 




ȷһȤ赸黬ţ佫һĺ 
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̱ڷ£ڻУħһߺͣ欵ģŵģ衣 
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ǰһ죬ĺãڻ԰ԲԲĸ 
ʿߡ 
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Ư𣿡 
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ء 
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ǰ͵Ĺ⣬Ҿֱ˹ȥ 




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ڳ˯УĽëƽѩ׵ͶӰСԵĨ˷ۺ֬һϮƵĹסһټϣ׻ƵĹ£ȫ羫ϸİ 
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